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Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 > L16: Viral Hepatitis > Flashcards

L16: Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Viral Hepatitis

A
  • It is an acute viral infection of the liver, and a group of infectious diseases that affect millions of people
    worldwide.
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2
Q

Number of acute & Chronic Cases & Deaths HBC & HVC worldwide in 2015

A
  • The number of acute and chronic injuries worldwide has been estimated by (WHO 2015) 32 million cases of hepatitis B, C and 1.34 million people died from it.
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3
Q

In 2015 According to DHS

  • The prevalence of HCV

DHS is In Egypt

A

The prevalence of HCV was
- 4.4% for age group 1 - 59 years &
- 0.2% for age group 1-14 years

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4
Q

In 2015 According to DHS

  • rate of infection
A
  • in men was 5.3% and
  • in women 3.6%, and

it increased by age in both men and women.

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5
Q

In 2015 According to DHS

  • The infection with HCV is ……. in rural areas (…..%) compared with urban areas (….%)
A
  • More
  • 5%
  • 3%
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6
Q

In 2015 According to DHS

-The percentage was ….. in upper Egypt compared to lower Egypt (….. in Upper Egypt, ….. in Lower Egypt)

A
  • higher
  • 5.6%
  • 3.4%
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7
Q

In 2015 According to DHS

  • it was ….% in urban governorates and ….% in borde governorates.
A

3, 1.6

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8
Q

In 2015 According to DHS

  • The prevalence of (HBV)
A

1% for age group 1 - 59 years old.

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9
Q

Suspected Case of Viral Hepatitis

A
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10
Q

Probable Case of Viral Hepatitis

A
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11
Q

Confirmed Case of Viral Hepatitis

A
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12
Q

Hepatitis A

A

(infectious/ epidemic)

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13
Q

No. of worldwide cases of HAV

A

1.4 million people worldwide each year are infected

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14
Q

What predisposes for HAV?

A

More prevalent in unsanitary environment, poor areas and bad hygienic conditions

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14
Q

Incidence of HAV

A
  • 1.4 million people worldwide each year are infected.
  • More prevalent in unsanitary environment, poor areas and bad hygienic conditions
  • Most children in developing countries (90 %) exposed to hepatitis A virus
  • Outbreaks are unusual and Fulminant Hepatitis rarely occurs
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15
Q

Incidence of HAV in Egypt

A

number of reported cases in 2014 is 3.037 .

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16
Q

Epidemic Threshold of HAV

A

not known

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17
Q

Causative Agent of HAV

A

Hepatitis A virus, that can live for several months outside the body

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18
Q

Reservoir of HAV

A

human
- case (sub clinical or clinical)
- carriers: incubatory

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19
Q

MOT of HAV

A

food and water born disease

Exit: Stool & Blood in stage of Viremia

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20
Q

IP of HAV

A
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21
Q

Infectivity Period of HAV

A
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22
Q

Susceptible age for HAV

A
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23
Q

Susceptible Sex for HAV

A

Both sex are susceptible

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24
Q

Immunity by HAV

A

Lifelong immunity

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25
Q

What Environmental Factors predispose for HAV?

A

poor sanitation, water and food born epidemic may occur

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26
Q

General Prevention of HAV

A

Revise general epidemiology

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27
Q

Specific Prevention of HAV

A
  • Active Immunization
  • Sero-Prophylaxis
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28
Q

Active Immunization of HAV

A
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29
Q

Nature of Active Immunization of HAV

A
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29
Q

Dose of Active Immunization of HAV

A
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30
Q

Effect of Active Immunization of HAV

A
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31
Q

Indications of Active Immunization of HAV

A
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32
Q

Sero prophylaxis in HAV

A
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33
Q

Nature of Sero prophylaxis in HAV

A
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34
Q

Dose of Sero prophylaxis in HAV

A
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35
Q

Indications of Sero prophylaxis in HAV

36
Q

Case control measures in HAV

37
Q

Contact control measures in HAV

38
Q

Epidemic Measures in HAV

A

Outbreak investigation to trace source of infection.

VIP

39
Q

International Measures in HAV

A

It is recommended to vaccinate travelers to countries where the disease is endemic.

40
Q

Realtion of HEV to HAV

A

Similar As VAH except its fatal in pregnancy

41
Q

Viral B hepatitis

A

Serum hepatitis

42
Q

Epidemeology of HBV

43
Q

Causative Agent of HBV

A

Hepatitis B virus

44
Q

Reservoir of HBV

A

only humans

45
Q

MOT of HBV

46
Q

Peri-natal transmission of HBV

47
Q

IP of HBV

A

6 weeks-6 months

48
Q

Infectivity Period of HBV

49
Q

Susceptibility to HBV

50
Q

Immunity by HBV

A

lifelong immunity in those who do not become chronic carriers.

51
Q

High-Risk Groups for HBV

52
Q

general Prevention of HBV

53
Q

Specific Prevention of HBV

A
  • Active Vaccinaction
  • Sero-Prophylaxis
  • Combined
54
Q

Vx for HBV

55
Q

Nature of Vx for HBV

56
Q

Dose of Vx for HBV

57
Q

Indication for Vx for HBV

58
Q

Post Vx Testing for Vx for HBV

59
Q

Protective Value of Vx for HBV

60
Q

Sero-prophylaxis for HBV

61
Q

Nature of Sero-prophylaxis for HBV

62
Q

Dose of Sero-prophylaxis for HBV

63
Q

Indication of Sero-prophylaxis for HBV

64
Q

Combined active & Passive Vx for HBV

A

❶ Prevention of Mother to child transmission

❷ Combined seroprophylaxis & vaccination to infants born to infected mothers

❸ Health care worker

❹ Non-responders who have not completed a second 3-dose vaccine series.

❺ For those who previously completed a second vaccine series but failed to
respond, two doses of HBIG are preferred.

65
Q

Case Control Measures for HBV

66
Q

Contact Control Measures for HBV

A

❶ Enlistment by age, vaccination history.

❷ Surveillance

❸ Specific preventive measures to immunity and susceptibility

67
Q

Epidemic Measures for HBV

A

❶ Strict precaution in blood banks, for blood and blood products

❷ Health education of public

68
Q

Global Epidemeology of Viral C Hepatitis

A
  • Worldwide, over 3% of the population is currently living with HCV .
  • WHO estimates about 1.75million new cases and 399.000 deaths annually
69
Q

National Epidemeology of Viral C Hepatitis

A
  • High prevalence in Egypt: 10-15% .
  • Prevalence is high in Lower Egypt, lower in Upper Egypt and low in cities
  • High mortality in Egypt annual mortality= 45,8 per 1000
70
Q

CA of Viral C Hepatitis

A
  • Hepatitis C virus
  • In Egypt (genotype 4a) is the most prevalent
71
Q

Reservoir of Viral C Hepatitis

A
  • Human cases (75% are subclinical)
  • Carriers: all types (usually temporary)
72
Q

MOT of Viral C Hepatitis

A

as hepatitis B
- Mainly percutaneous
- Rarely perinatal & sexual transmission .

73
Q

IP of Viral C Hepatitis

A

6 weeks- 6 months

79
Q

Infectivity Period of Viral C Hepatitis

A

Weeks before symptoms continue during the period of HCV positivity

80
Q

Susceptibility for Viral C Hepatitis

A

Susceptibility is general

81
Q

Degree of immunity in Viral C Hepatitis

A
  • degree of immunity is not known.
  • One can re-infected or co-infected with another hepatitis C genotype/subgroup
82
Q

High Risk group for Viral C Hepatitis

A

❶ I.V drug users.

❷ Patients with blood transfusions.

❸ Exposure to tattooing, ear piercing, etc.

❹ Health care workers (risk from needle stick is 3%).

❺ Children of HCV +ve mothers (6% vertical transmission rate).

❻ Heterosexual, very rarely homosexual.

83
Q

General Prevention of Viral C Hepatitis

A

revise general epidemiology

84
Q

Specific Prevention of Viral C Hepatitis

A

No vaccine available & antiviral Ig not recommended for prophylaxis .

85
Q

Case Control Measures for Viral C Hepatitis

A

❶ Early case finding among high risk groups

❷ Notification to local health office

❸ Segregation (no isolation) with standard precautions to blood & body fluids

❹ Treatment: as recommended by physician

❺ Disinfection: concurrent (for blood, serum,
contaminated articles, dressings) Terminal (using chlorine solution & potent disinfectants)

86
Q

Contact Control Measues for Viral C Hepatitis

A

❶ Enlistment by age, vaccination history.

❷ Surveillance

❸ Investigation to detect source of infection.

❹ Post-exposure Management for HCV: Follow-up

87
Q

Epidemic Measures for Viral C Hepatitis

A

❶ Strict precaution in blood banks, for blood & blood products

❷ Researches & survey studies for additional cases

❸ Health education of the public

88
Q

Done

Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 (30 decks)

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