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Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 > L25: Air Quality & Domestic Waste Managment > Flashcards

L25: Air Quality & Domestic Waste Managment Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Air pollution

A
  • It is the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living organisms, or cause damage to the climate or to materials
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2
Q

Magnitude of the problem of Air pollution

A

❶ 4.2 million deaths every year occur as a result of exposure to ambient (outdoor air pollution)

❷ 3.8 million deaths every tear as of household exposure to smoke from dirty cookstoves and fuels

❸ 9 out of 10 people worldwide live in places where air quality exceeds WHO guidelines limits

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3
Q

Types of Air pollution

A
  • Indoor
  • Outdoor
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4
Q

Causes of Indoor air pollution and household energy

A

Around 2.6 billion people still

❶ cook using solid fuels (such as wood, crop wastes, charcoal, coal and dung)

❷ kerosene in open fires and inefficient stoves.

  • Most of these people are poor, and live in low- and middle-income countries
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5
Q

These cooking practices are …..

A

❶ Inefficient

❷ use fuels and technologies that produce high levels of household air pollution with a range of health-damaging pollutants including small soot particles that penetrate deep into the lungs

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6
Q

Risk Factors of Indoor air pollution and household energy

A

❶ In poorly ventilated dwellings, indoor smoke can be
100 times higher than acceptable levels for fine particles.

❷ Exposure is particularly high among women and young children, who spend the most time near the domestic hearth.

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7
Q

Impacts of Indoor air pollution on Health

A
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8
Q

Outdoor air pollution is a major environmental health problem affecting everyone …….

A

in low, middle and high-income countries

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9
Q

Ambient (outdoor) air pollution in both cities and rural areas was estimated to cause 4.2 million premature deaths worldwide per year in 2016

A

…

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10
Q

this mortality is due to exposure to fine particulate matter of ……. which cause cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and cancers

A

2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM2.5),

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11
Q

Types of air pollutants

A
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12
Q

Primary Air Pollutants

A
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13
Q

Secondary Air Pollutants

A
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13
Q

Health effects of Air Pollution

  • Long Term effects
A

❶ lung cancer

❷ damage to the immune, neurological, reproductive, & respiratory systems.

❸ In extreme cases, it can even cause death

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14
Q

Health effects of Air Pollution

A
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15
Q

Health effects of Air Pollution

  • Short Term effects
A

❶ Irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat

❷ Wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and breathing difficulties

❸ Worsening of existing lung and heart problems, such as asthma

❹ Increased risk of heart attack

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16
Q

Environmental effects of Air Pollution

A
  • Acid Rain
  • Global Climate Change
  • Eutrophication
  • Haze
  • Effects on Wildlife
  • Ozone Depletion
17
Q

Def of Eutrophication

A
  • is a condition in a water body where high concentrations of nutrients (such as nitrogen) stimulate blooms of algae, can cause fish kills and loss of plant and animal diversity.
18
Q

What Causes Haze?

A

caused when sunlight encounters tiny pollution particles in the air

19
Q

Effects of Haze

A

Haze obscures the:
- Clarity
- Color
- texture
- form

of what we see.

20
Q

Environmental effects of Air Pollution

  • Effects on Wildlife
A
  • birth defects
  • reproductive failure
  • disease in animals
21
Q

Def of Built environment

A
  • Refers to the human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity
  • Ranging in scale from buildings and parks or green space to neighborhoods and cities that can often include their supporting infrastructure, such as water supply or energy networks.
22
Q

EPA’s Sustainable Materials Management (SMM) Strategic Plan for fiscal years 2017 – 2022 identifies advancing SMM in the Built Environment

A

…

23
Q

Why is Advancing SMM imoratnt in the Built Environment?

A
24
Q

Examples of The application of SMM in the built environment

A

❶ Beneficially using industrial non-hazardous secondary materials as replacements for virgin materials in construction (e.g. coal ash, foundry sand, iron and steel slag, etc.)

❷ Sustainable management of construction & demolition (C&D) materials.

25
Q

Ways of waste generation

A
26
Q

Tips For Handling Domestic hazardous waste

A

Some quick tips for the safe handling of household hazardous wastes stated by Environmental Protection Agency include:

  • Follow any instructions for use and storage provided on product labels carefully to prevent any accidents at home
  • Be sure to read product labels for disposal directions to decrease the risk of products …..
  • Never store hazardous products in food containers
  • When leftovers remain, never mix HHW (household hazardous waste) with other products.
  • Remember, even empty containers of HHW can pose hazards because of the residual chemicals that might remain so handle them with care also
27
Q

Tips For Handling Domestic hazardous waste

  • Follow any instructions for use and storage provided on product labels carefully to prevent any accidents at home.
A

…

28
Q

Tips For Handling Domestic hazardous waste

  • Be sure to read product labels for disposal directions
A

to decrease risk of:

  • Exploding
  • Igniting
  • Leaking
  • mixing with other chemicals
  • posing other hazards on the way to a disposal facility
29
Q

Tips For Handling Domestic hazardous waste

  • Never store hazardous products in food containers
A
  • keep them in their original containers and never
    remove labels.
  • Corroding containers, however, require special
    handling.
  • Call your local hazardous materials official or fire
    department for instructions.
30
Q

Tips For Handling Domestic hazardous waste

  • When leftovers remain, never mix HHW (household hazardous waste) with other products.
A
  • Incompatible products might react, ignite, or explode, and contaminated HHW might become unrecyclable.
31
Q

Tips For Handling Domestic hazardous waste

  • Remember, even empty containers of HHW can pose hazards because of the residual chemicals that might remain so handle them with care aswell
A

….

32
Q

Final domestic waste disposal ways

A
  • landfill site
  • Incineration
  • Recycling
  • pyrolysis
  • Energy Recovery
  • Recoverable Materials
33
Q

Final domestic waste disposal ways

  • Landfill Site
A
  • Also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump,
    garbage dump, or dumping ground, is a site for the disposal of waste materials
  • Landfill is the oldest and most common form of waste disposal
34
Q

What is the oldest and most common form of waste disposal?

A

Landfill Site

35
Q

Final domestic waste disposal ways

  • Incineration
A
  • is a disposal method in which solid organic
    wastes are subjected to combustion so as to convert them into residue and gaseous products
36
Q

Final domestic waste disposal ways

  • Recycling
A
  • Is a resource recovery practice that refers to the
    collection and reuse of waste materials such as empty beverage containers.
  • This process involves breaking down and reusing materials that would otherwise be gotten rid of as trash
37
Q

Final domestic waste disposal ways

  • Pyrolysis
A
  • is often used to convert many types of
    domestic and industrial residues into a recovered fuel.
  • Different types of waste input (such as plant waste, food waste, tyres) placed in the pyrolysis process potentially yield an alternative to fossil fuels
38
Q

Final domestic waste disposal ways

  • Energy Recovery
A
  • from waste is the conversion of non-recyclable waste materials into usable heat, electricity, or fuel through a variety of processes, including combustion, gasification, pyrolyzation, anaerobic digestion, and
    landfill gas recovery.
39
Q

Final domestic waste disposal ways

  • Recoverable Material
A
  • that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food scraps, and paper products, can be recovered through composting and digestion processes to decompose the organic matter.
  • The resulting organic material is then recycled as compost for agricultural or
    landscaping purposes

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