L21: Disease Elimination & Re-Emergence

Question 1

Def of Prevention

Answer 1

Measures applied to prevent disease before its occurrence.

Question 2

continued intervention measures are required to maintain the reduction, e.g. diarrhoeal diseases .

Answer 2

…

Question 2

Def of Control

Answer 2

Question 2

Def of Extinction

Answer 2

The specific infectious agent no longer exists in nature or laboratory

Question 3

Examples of Extinction

Answer 3

none

Question 4

Def of Elimination

Answer 4

• Reduction to zero of the incidence of disease or
  infection in a defined geographic area as a result of
  deliberate efforts
• Continued intervention measures to prevent reestablishment of transmission are required.

Question 5

Examples of Elimination

Answer 5

measles, neonatal tetanus and leprosy

Question 6

The WHO defines measles elimination as ……

Answer 6

“the absence of endemic measles virus transmission in a defined geographical area for at least 12 months in the presence of a surveillance system that has
been verified to be performing well”.

Question 7

Egypt joined the program of measles elimination in the Eastern Mediterranean region under the WHO supervision through the …..

Answer 7

expanded program of immunization

Question 8

Strategy of Measles elimination

Answer 8

❶ Maintain high vaccination coverage rates for both 1st & 2nd doses of vaccine

❷ Improve management of measles complication

❸ Provide Vitamin A supplementation with the immunization services

Question 9

Def of Eradication

Answer 9

• Permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts
• Intervention measures are no longer needed,

Question 10

Exampes of Eradication

Answer 10

smallpox is the only example for the disease successfully eradicated in the world

Question 11

Key components of the worldwide smallpox eradication

Answer 11

Question 12

Surveillance was aided by …..

Answer 12

extensive house-to-house searches & rewards
offered for persons reporting smallpox cases .

Question 13

Containment measures included …..

Answer 13

ring vaccination, isolation of cases &
contacts .

Question 14

Characteristics of smallpox led to its control and eventual eradication

Answer 14

Question 15

Example for disease targeted for eradication

Answer 15

Poliomyelitis

Question 16

Def of Polio Elimination

Answer 16

Question 17

Def of Polio
Eradication

Answer 17

Question 18

The WHO declared that Egypt was polio-free country in …..

Answer 18

2006 after the last case was discovered in 2004 while
the last isolation of wild polio virus from the environment was in 2006.

Question 19

In 2018, Egypt entered …..

Answer 19

the final phase of eradicating the disease completely and to ensure that there are no new cases due to any viruses coming from abroad.

Question 20

The global strategy in polio eradication recommends introducing 3 additional doses of Salk vaccine via injection in the 2nd, 4th and 6th month in addition to the 6
doses of OPV (Sabin).

Answer 20

…

Question 21

Strategy of Polio Eradication

Answer 21

Question 22

…… are the ultimate goals of public health

Answer 22

Elimination & eradication

Question 23

Challenges in reaching Polio eradication

Answer 23

Question 23

Done

Answer 23

..

Question 24

Criteria of Diseases Suitable for Elimination or Eradication

Answer 24