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Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 > L17: Tuberculosis > Flashcards

L17: Tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Tuberculosis

A
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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2
Q

TB is a major global cause of disability & death especially in …… countries

A

developing

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3
Q

TB morbidity and mortality rates were decreased but started to re-emerge again due to:

A
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4
Q

Global epidemeology of TB

A
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5
Q

National Epidemeology of TB

A
  • Egypt is ranked among the mid-level incidence countries.
  • TB in Egypt is considered an important public health problem.
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6
Q

Suspected Case of TB

A

any patient with cough & expectoration more than 3 weeks associated with fever, loss of weight& night sweating

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7
Q

Probable Case of TB

A

None

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7
Q

Confirmed Case of TB

A

positive lab results and positive chest radiography

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8
Q

CA of TB

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis: highly resistant outside the body

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9
Q

Reservoir of TB

A

Human open cases of TB (TB lesion open into a bronchus).

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9
Q

IP of TB

A

to 10 w (from infection till +ve tuberculin test of appearance of a 1ry lesion)

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9
Q

MOT of TB

A

Air-borne infection

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9
Q

Infectivity Period of TB

A
  • As long as viable bacilli are discharged in the sputum
  • Risk of transmission is significantly reduced within days to 2 weeks after starting appropriate chemotherapy
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9
Q

Susceptible age for TB

A

(Golden age: the safe period 5-15 years due to less exposure & stress)

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9
Q

Susceptible sex for TB

A

More in males than females (ratio 3-1 to 5-1)

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10
Q

Immunity in TB

A
  • Immunity after primary infection or vaccination (cell mediated).
  • No maternally acquired immunity.
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10
Q

Dx of TB

A

Screening tests for detection of TB (IGRA and Tuberculin test)

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10
Q

Principle of Tuberculin test

A

An intradermal test for delayed cell mediated
hypersensitivity caused by exposure to TB antigen
whether by infection or vaccination.

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10
Q

Non-vaccinated positive child < 5 years …….

A

needs further investigations to exclude infection

10
Q

what does a Positive tuberculin means?

A

❶ TB infection (recent or past)
❷ vaccination

10
Q

Results of Tuberculin test

A
11
Q

Steps of Tuberculin test

A

The test material (purified protein derivative) is injected of as 5 IU (one IU for children & persons likely to react strongly)

12
Q

Recent conversion of a person who was previously negative is ……

A

suggestive of TB

13
Q

Negative tubercelin test

A
14
Q

Advantaes of Interferon gamma release assays (IGRA)

A
15
Q

Disadvantages of Interferon gamma release assays (IGRA)

A
16
Q

General Prevention of TB

A

(as mentioned in general preventive measures of droplet inf)

17
Q

Specific Prevention of TB

A
  • Active Vx
  • Chemoprophylaxis
  • Combined
18
Q

Active Vx for TB

A

BCG

19
Q

Nature of BCG

A

Live-attenuated bovine strain of mycobacterium TB

20
Q

Dose of BCG

A

0.1 ml I.D, in the left upper arm

21
Q

Indications of BCG

A

❶ In Egypt, it is compulsory in the first three months of life without tuberculin

❷ Older children & adult if only tuberculin negative

❸ At risk groups: health workers, military recruits, & food handlers

22
Q

Indication of success of BCG

A
23
Q

Indication of failure of BCG

A

If there is no scar formation, repeat vaccination after 3 months

24
Q

Protective value of BCG

A
25
Q

Type of immunity of BCG

A

It gives cellular immunity.

26
Q

Does BCG give cross immunity?

A

yes

27
Q

Chemoprophylaxis in TB

A

INH is the drug of choice

❶ Given to high risk groups such as contacts of cases.

❷ Effective in prevention of progression of latent to clinical infection.

Study CI VIP

28
Q

Combined Vx & Chemoprophylaxis in TB

A

in non-vaccinated high-risk contacts

29
Q

Case Control Measures of TB

A
30
Q

Isolation of TB

A

chest hospital or at home

31
Q

TTT of TB

A

DOTS

32
Q

Release of TB

A

after complete cure with 3 negative sputum smears

33
Q

Criteria of DOTS (Direct Observation Therapy with Short course chemotherapy)

A
34
Q

Advantages of DOTS (Direct Observation Therapy with Short course chemotherapy)

A
35
Q

Disadvantages of DOTS (Direct Observation Therapy with Short course chemotherapy)

A

High cost

36
Q

Measures for the contacts of TB

A

Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 (30 decks)

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