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Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 > L18: Seasonal Influenza & Chicken Pox > Flashcards

L18: Seasonal Influenza & Chicken Pox Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Seasonal influenza

A

Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses which circulate in all parts of the world

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2
Q

Global Epidemeology of Seasonal influenza

A
  • According to WHO, from 7th August to 20th August 2017 therewere 7483 +ve cases represent about 15.3% .
  • 75% of these +ve cases were type A(H3N2), 13% type B & 12% type A(H1N1)
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3
Q

National Epidemeology of Seasonal influenza

A

Seasonal epidemics occur mainly during winter, from November to April

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4
Q

Epidemic Threshold of Seasonal influenza

A

variable and is calculated based on virus activity in previous years.

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5
Q

Suspected Case of Seasonal influenza

A
  • Case ILI (influenzas like illness): any patient with fever ˃38˚C associated with cough more than 10 days without any other causes (outpatient clinic).
  • Sever acute respiratory infection SARI: any patient with fever ˃38 ˚C associated with cough more than 10 days without any other causes (hospitalized patient).
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6
Q

Probable Case of Seasonal influenza

A

None

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7
Q

Confirmed Case of Seasonal influenza

A

positive PCR

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8
Q

CA of Seasonal influenza

A
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9
Q

CA of Seasonal influenza

  • Influenza A Virus
A
  • Further classified into subtypes according to the combinations of the hemagglutinin (HA) and
    the neuraminidase (NA), the proteins on the surface of the virus.
  • Currently circulating in humans are subtype A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) influenza viruses.
  • Only influenza type A viruses are known to
    have caused pandemics. It infects human and animals.
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10
Q

CA of Seasonal influenza

  • Influenza B Virus
A
  • are not classified into subtypes
  • associated with outbreak or widespread epidemic.
  • It infects human only
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11
Q

CA of Seasonal influenza

  • Influenza C Virus
A
  • detected less frequently
  • usually causes mild infections
  • thus does not present public health importance
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12
Q

MOT of Seasonal influenza

A

❶ When an infected person coughs or sneezes, droplets containing viruses (infectious droplets) are dispersed into the air and can spread up to one meter, and infect persons in proximity who breathe these droplets in

❷ The virus can also be spread by hands contaminated with influenza viruses

❸ Freshly contaminated articles &fomite

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13
Q

Reservoir of Seasonal influenza

A

❶ human (main reservoir)
❷ swine & avian reservoir

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14
Q

IP of Seasonal influenza

A

the average for influenza is 2 days, typically ranging from 1 to 4 days.

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15
Q

Infectivity Period of Seasonal influenza

A

in the first 3-4 days after clinical onset in adult
up to 7 days in children .

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16
Q

Susceptible age for Seasonal influenza

A

All age groups can be affected

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17
Q

People at greater risk of severe disease or complication when infected are ……

A
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18
Q

General Prevention of Seosanal Influenza

A

(as mentioned in general preventive measures of droplet inf)

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19
Q

Specific Preventon of Seasonal Influenza

A
  • Active immunization
  • Chemoprophylaxis
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20
Q

Active Immunization of Seasonal Influenza

A
  • inactivated influenza vaccines
  • Live attenuated intranasal influenza vaccines
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21
Q

Nature of inactivated influenza vaccines

A

killed vaccines contain influenza A(H3N2), pandemic A(H1N1) and B strain

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22
Q

Immunity in inactivated influenza vaccines

A

Immunity from vaccination wanes over time so annual vaccination is recommended to protect against influenza before influenza season, in
late autumn & early winter

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22
Q

Dose of inactivated influenza vaccines

A

❶ non immunized: 2 doses, 4 weeks apart, 0.5ml each, IM.

❷ Immunized before: single dose is sufficient

23
Q

Indication of inactivated influenza vaccines

A

❶ pregnant women at any stage of pregnancy

❷ children aged between 6 months to 5 years

❸ elderly individuals (aged more than 65 years)

❹ individuals with chronic medical conditions

❺ health-care worker

24
Q

Protective Value of inactivated influenza vaccines

A

80% against the circulating strain of
virus.

24
Q

Nature of Live attenuated intranasal influenza vaccines

A

Live attenuated vaccines, contains two Subtypes A&B

25
Q

Dose of Live attenuated intranasal influenza vaccines

A

0.5 ml by intranasal spraying

26
Q

Immunity of Live attenuated intranasal influenza vaccines

A

It produces local & systemic immunity

27
Q

Indication of Live attenuated intranasal
influenza vaccines

A

Only for healthy people aged 5-49 years.

28
Q

Chemoprophylaxis in Seasonal Influenza

A
29
Q

Uses of Remantadine hydrochloride

A

chemoprophylaxis of influenzas A but not B .

30
Q

Indictions of Remantadine hydrochloride

A

high risk groups such as elderly, children& chronic diseases .

31
Q

CI of Remantadine hydrochloride

A

patient with CNS, neurological or psychological disorders

32
Q

Case Control measures of Seasonal Influenza

A
33
Q

Contact Control Measures in Seasonal Influenza

A

❶ Surveillance for IP.
❷ Chemoprophylaxis: antiviral in high risk contacts.

34
Q

Epidemic Measures in Seasonal Influenza

A

❶ Health education of the public

❷ Immunization for high risk groups& adequate supplies of antiviral drugs & vaccines.

❸ Surveillance of the community.

35
Q

Def of Chicken pox

A

Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection that causes fever and an itchy rash with spots all over the body

35
Q

Global Epi of Chicken pox

A

Epidemic worldwide, it mainly affects kids, but adults can get it, too., because of absence of varicella-zoster vaccination program

36
Q

National Epi of Chicken pox

A
  • Endemics occurs during winter & spring among small clusters (schools &camps)
  • In Egypt, 4876 cases were registered in 2015
36
Q

Suspected Case of Chicken pox

A
  • fever ˃38.5 ˚C, itchy, blister-like rash.
  • The rash first appears on the chest, back, and face, and then spreads over the entire body without any other reason .
37
Q

Probable Case in Chicken pox

A

None

38
Q

Confirmed Case of Chicken pox

A

positive PCR, vesicular swabs or scrapings and scabs from crusted lesions can be used to identify varicella-zoster virus DNA by PCR.

39
Q

Causative Agent of Chicken pox

A

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) - member of the family herpes virus

40
Q

Reservoir for Chicken pox

A

Human is the only reservoir (no carriers)

41
Q

MOT of Chicken pox

A

❶ Direct droplet infection.
❷ Direct contact infection with ruptured vesicular fluid

42
Q

IP of Chicken pox

A

2-3 Wks

43
Q

Infectivity Period of Chicken pox

A
  • 1-2 days before the rash appears, and for as long as 3-10 days until all lesions are crusted.
44
Q

Susceptible Age for Chicken pox

A
  • Varicella is generally a mild disease in children, and
  • most people recover without serious complications.
  • However no age is exempted; disease is more sever in adult .
45
Q

Immunity from Chicken pox

A

Infection gives lifelong immunity.

46
Q

Infectivity of Chicken pox

A
  • highly infectious, over 80% of non-immune contacts of a case will be infected.
47
Q

General prevention of Chicken pox

A

mentioned in general preventive measures of droplet inf

48
Q

Specific Prevention of Chicken pox

A

Active and Passive

49
Q

Active Vx for Chicken pox

A
50
Q

Passive Immunity for Chicken pox

A

Seroprophylaxis

  • Human specific Ig of varicella zoster to high-risk contacts.
51
Q

Case control Measures in Chicken pox

A
52
Q

Contact control Measures in Chicken pox

A

Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 (30 decks)

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