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Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 > L22: Non-Communicable Diseases (CHD & DM) > Flashcards

L22: Non-Communicable Diseases (CHD & DM) Flashcards

1
Q

Def of NCD

A
  • Impairment in body function or structure that necessitates modification in person’s lifestyle or has persisted for a long length of time.
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2
Q

Examples of NCD

A

❶ Cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary disease, stroke)
❷ Cancer
❸ Diabetes
❹ Respiratory (asthma, emphysema, bronchitis)
❺ Obesity
❻ Renal (nephritis, nephrotic syndrome)
❼ Accidents
❽ Nervous and mental (mania, depression)
❾ Musculoskeletal (arthritis)
❿ Degenerative disorders

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3
Q

Communicable diseases were main causes of death worldwide

A

…

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4
Q

Magnitude of NCD Problem

  • After 2WW
A
  • Medical achievements: vaccination, antibiotics &
    improving life conditions.
  • NCDs started to be major problems in developed
    countries especially.
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5
Q

Magnitude of NCD Problem

  • By the End of 20th Century
A
  • NCDs were Increased in developing countries with double burden of infective & non-infective diseases in a poor environment & inadequate health systems
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6
Q

Magnitude of NCD Problem

  • Today
A
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7
Q

Four diseases that cause 36 million deaths each year.

A

❶ CVDs
❷ Cancers
❸ chronic respiratory diseases
❹ DM

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8
Q

The first cause of death globally is …..

A

CVD

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9
Q

In developed countries —-> Cancer is the …. leading cause of death next to CVDs

A

2nd

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10
Q

In developing world —> it is the ….. cause of death.

A

4th

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11
Q

Estimated prevalence of hypertension in Egypt was …. (Egyptian Health Issues Survey, 2020)

A

26.3%

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12
Q

Estimated prevalence of DM in Egypt was ……

A

16.6%

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13
Q

Magnitude of NCD Problem

  • The Future
A
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14
Q

Challenges for prevention of NCD

A

…

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15
Q

Challenges for prevention of NCD

  • Demographic Transition
A
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16
Q

Challenges for prevention of NCD

  • Epidemeologic Transition
A
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17
Q

Challenges for prevention of NCD

  • Nutrition Transition
A
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18
Q

Challenges for prevention of NCD

  • The Multifactorial Nature of the Risk Factors for NCDs
A
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19
Q

Challenges for prevention of NCD

  • International Communications
A
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20
Q

Risk factors for CHDs

A

Non-Modifiable & Modifiable

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21
Q

Non-Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

A
  • Age
  • Sex
  • family Hx
  • Genetic Factors
  • Type A Personality
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22
Q

Non-Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • age
A
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23
Q

Non-Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Sex
A
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24
Q

Non-Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Family Hx
A
  • Higher risk in individuals with a history of CHD and DM
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25
Q

Non-Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Genetic Factors
A

play a role in dyslipidemia

26
Q

Non-Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Type A personality
A

Aggression impatience & time urgency Competition

27
Q

Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

A
  • Lifestyle Risk Factors
  • Disease as Risk Factor
28
Q

Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Life Style RF
A
29
Q

Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Life Style RF (Dietary Factors)
A
30
Q

Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Life Style RF (mental Stress)
A

can Increase CHD risk,

e.g Depression – Anger – Fear – Anxiety – Lack of social support

31
Q

Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Life Style RF (Smoking)
A
32
Q

Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Life Style RF (Alcohol)
A

Increase risk of dyslipidemia, hypertension & affects clotting factors.

33
Q

Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Diseases at Risk Factors
A
34
Q

Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Diseases at Risk Factors (Dyslipidemia)
A
35
Q

Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Diseases at Risk Factors (HTN)
A

A major risk factor for CHD.

36
Q

Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Diseases at Risk Factors (Obesity)
A
37
Q

Modifiable Risk factors for CHDs

  • Diseases at Risk Factors (Gout)
A

hyperuricemia is a risk for CHD

38
Q

Causes of Type I DM

A

See Table

39
Q

Incidence of Type I DM

A
40
Q

Age of Type I DM

A
41
Q

RF of Type I DM

A
42
Q

Causes of Type II D.M

A
43
Q

Incidence of Type II D.M

A
44
Q

Age of Type II D.M

A
45
Q

RF for Type II D.M

A
46
Q

Prevention of CHD & DM

A
  • Primary, Secondary & Tertiary
47
Q

Def of Primary prevention

A

interventions designed to modify adverse levels of risk factors once they are present (Prevention & management of risk factors)

48
Q

What does Primary prevention Include?

A
  • Lifestyle modification
  • Prevention & control of any underlying medical condition
49
Q

Primary Prevention of CHD & DM

  • Lifestyle Modification
A
50
Q

Prevention of CHD & DM

  • Prevention & control of any underlying medical condition
A

❶ HTN
❷ DM
❸ Obesity
❹ Hypercholesterolemia

51
Q

Policies & strategies to prevent smoking (MPOWER package)

A
52
Q

Dietetic recommendations to prevent CVDs & facilitate healthy eating

A
53
Q

Policies and strategies to facilitate physical activity needs ……

A

Multifactorial approach

54
Q

Policies and strategies to facilitate physical activity

  • Health Sector
A

Health professionals

  • Should encourage exercise habits to life time activity for all (30 min of moderate PE / day for at least 5 days per week.

Medical centres:
- staff and facilities for fitness and exercise prescription

55
Q

Policies and strategies to facilitate physical activity

  • Education Sector
A

School based programs; physical education and providing greater opportunities for physical activities during school day

56
Q

Policies and strategies to facilitate physical activity

  • Urban Design & Transport
A
  • Design urban environment that encourage people to rely less on personal cars and prioritize walking and cycling
  • Enforce security and road safety legislations
  • Designing natural recreational spaces
57
Q

Policies and strategies to facilitate physical activity

  • Workplaces
A
  • Exercise breaks for sedentary workers
  • fitness programs in the work place
58
Q

Primary prevention of DM

A
59
Q

Secondary Prevention of CHD & DM

A
60
Q

Tertiary Prevention of CHD & DM

A
  • Rehabilitation of disabled CHD patients.
  • Preventive care for eyes, kidneys & feet for diabetic patients.
61
Q

Therapeutic diet for hypertension (DASH)

A
62
Q

Done

A

..

Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 (30 decks)

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