L23: Cancer Flashcards by Ahmed Farag

Q

Def of Cancer

A

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Q

Indicators of population impact of Cancer

A

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Q

Worldwide, cancer is a leading cause of death.

A

…

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Q

More than 70% of all cancer deaths occurred in ……

A

low & middle income countries

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Q

In developed countries, it is the …. leading cause of death next to CVD

A

2nd

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Q

In developing world, it is the …. cause of death.

A

4th

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Q

There is steady Increase in incidence and mortality of cancer that could be explained by:

A

❶ Advanced techniques for case-finding & detection

❷ Marked demographic aging

❸ Changes in life style & environment

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Q

The most frequent types of cancer In Males worldwide are

A

lung, stomach, liver, colorectal, oesophagus, prostate

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Q

The most frequent types of cancer In Females worldwide are

A

breast, lung, stomach, colorectal and cervical

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Q

Etiology of Cancer

A

The definite etiology of cancers in man are unknown

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Q

RF of Cancer

A

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Q

Genetic Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

A

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Q

Genetic Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

Familial Tendency

A

there are familial tendencies for certain cancer as cancer breast, colon, prostate & lung

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Q

Genetic Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

Chromosomal Deletion

A

deletion of chromosome 13 in retinoblastoma
deletion of chromosome 11 in Wilms’ tumor.

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Q

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

A

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Q

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

Physical Factors

A

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Q

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

Physical Factors (Radiation)

A

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Q

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

Physical Factors (Mechsnical Factors)

A

include
❶ Chronic friction.
❷ Trauma, irritation .
❸ Inflammation as peptic ulcer & chronic cervicitis

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Q

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

Chemical Factors

A

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Q

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

Physical Factors (Tobacco)

A

Increased risk of cancer lung, mouth, larynx, stomach, pancreas & urinary bladder

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Q

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

Physical Factors (Air Pollution)

A

Q

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

Physical Factors (Other Carcinogens)

A

Usually occupational as asphalt, tar, soot, dyes, etc.

Q

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

Physical Factors (Hormones)

A

Q

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer

Physical Factors (Dietary Chemicals)

A

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors (Viral Infections)

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors (HPV)

main cause of cervical cancer

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors (HBV & HCV)

inc risk of cancer liver

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors (HIV)

inc risk of cancer, as lymphoma & Kaposi's sarcoma

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors (EBV)

inc risk of lymphoma

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors (HHV8)

inc risk of Kaposi's sarcoma

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors (Parasitic Infections)

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors (S. Hematobium)

inc risk of cancer bladder

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors (Liver Fluke)

inc risk of hepatic angiosarcoma

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors (Bacterial Infections)

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors (H.Pylori)

may predispose to cancer stomach & lymphoma in the stomach lining

Environmental Factors Predispsoing to Cancer - Biological Factors (Bacterial flora of intestine)

- may change some chemicals in food into carcinogens which may predispose to cancer colon

Prevention & control of **Cancer**

- Primary - Secondary - Tertiary

Prevention & control of **Cancer** - Primary Prevention

Prevention & control of **Cancer** - Primary Prevention (Air Sanitation)

Prevention & control of **Cancer** - Primary Prevention (Smoking Control)

Antismoking program

Prevention & control of **Cancer** - Primary Prevention (Drug Control)

Prevention & control of **Cancer** - Primary Prevention (Radiation)

Prevention & control of **Cancer** - Primary Prevention (Chemical Carcinogens)

Prevention & control of **Cancer** - Primary Prevention (Medical Care)

Health appraisal: for early diagnosis and treatment of precancerous lesions as leucoplakia, adenoma, peptic ulcer

Prevention & control of **Cancer** - Primary Prevention (Specifc Prevention)

Prevention & control of **Cancer** - Primary Prevention (Health Education)

Prevention & control of **Cancer** - Primary Prevention (Legislations)

Danger Signals of Cancer

❶ Lump or mass or sore which not get better . ❷ Change in wart mole. ❸ Blood Loss from any nature orifice . ❹ Persistent cough, hoarseness of voice . ❺ Persistent change in digestive bowel habit. ❻ Unexplained loss of weight .

Prevention & control of **Cancer** - Secondary Prevention

Screening Test Can be Used for At-Risk Individuals or Groups as ......

❶ High-risk or at-risk occupational groups. ❷ Cases with precancerous lesions. ❸ Cases with positive family history of cancer . ❹ Specific age groups as women aged ≥50 years for cancer cervix .

Prevention & control of **Cancer** - Tertiary Prevention

❶ Surgery ❷ Radiotherapy ❸ Chemotherapy ❹ Hormonal therapy ❺ Immune therapy ❻ Rehabilitation