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Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 > L20: Schistosomiasis & Leprosy > Flashcards

L20: Schistosomiasis & Leprosy Flashcards

1
Q

Global Epidemeology of Schistosomiasis

A
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2
Q

National Epidemeology of Schistosomiasis

A
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3
Q

Schistosomiasis is endemic in Egypt since …..

A

Ancient Egypt (1250 B.C).

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4
Q

The prevalence of S. mansoni was ….. and S. haematobium was …… in 1983 before the national control program

A

38.6%, 35%

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5
Q

In 2014 the prevalence 0f S. mansoni was ….. and S. haematobium was …..

A

0.2%, 0.3%

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6
Q
  • S. mansoni is endemic in ….. while
  • S. haematobium is endemic in …..
A

Delta, Upper Egypt

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7
Q

Epidemic Threshold of Shistosomaisis

A

If the prevalence reaches 3% in a small population or 2% in schools.

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8
Q

Suspected Case of Shistosomaisis

A
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9
Q

Probable Case of Shistosomaisis

A

None

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10
Q

Confirmed Case of Shistosomaisis

A

Presence of Schistosoma eggs in urine and stool

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11
Q

CA of Shistosomaisis

A

the major species causing human disease
❶ Schistosoma haematobium
❷ S. manosni
❸ S. Japonicum

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12
Q

Reservoir of Shistosomaisis

A

Man: Infected persons with S. haematobium or mansoni

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13
Q

Intermediate Host of Shistosomaisis

A

❶ Bulinus Trancatus: for S.haematobium
❷ Biomphalaria alexandrina: for S.mansoni

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14
Q

MOT of Shistosomaisis

A

contact infection (cercaria penetrate bare skin) .

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15
Q

IP of Shistosomaisis

A

6-8 weeks

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16
Q

Infectivity Period of Shistosomaisis

A

No man-to-man transmission but infected person can transmit infection by contaminating water up to 10 years.

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17
Q

Susceptibility & resistance Shistosomaisis

  • Genetic Predisposition
A

❶ HLA class I & II antigens: more severe manifestations of
the disease.

❷ HLA-B16 & Cw2: S. haematobium associated bladder
cancer in Egypt.

❸ HLA-DR, DQ, DP: protection from hepatic fibrosis.

❹ 5q31-q35: Resistance to re-infection.

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18
Q

Susceptibility & resistance Shistosomaisis

  • Age
A

any age is susceptible, the peak at age 15-20y

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19
Q

Susceptibility & resistance Shistosomaisis

  • Sex
A

more in males: more exposure (working in the field & swimming in canals).

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20
Q

Susceptibility & resistance Shistosomaisis

  • education
A

educated may avoid polluting the environment & exposure to infection.

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21
Q

Susceptibility & resistance Shistosomaisis

  • faculty Habits & Behaviours
A

Pollution of water by passing excreta in water channels.
Exposure to infection by water contact: bathing, ablution,
washing of clothes.

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22
Q

Ecology of Schistosomiasis

(factors favoring endemicity)

  • Host Factors
A

(Previously described under susceptibility & resistance)

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23
Q

Susceptibility & resistance Shistosomaisis

  • Occupation
A

famers, fishermen & workers of water channels clearance

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24
Q

Ecology of Schistosomiasis

(factors favoring endemicity)

A
  • Host Factors
  • Agent Factors
  • Environmental Factors
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25
Q

Ecology of Schistosomiasis

(factors favoring endemicity)

  • Agent Factors
A
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26
Q

Ecology of Schistosomiasis

(factors favoring endemicity)

  • Environmental Factors
A
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27
Q

Schistosomiasis may be introduced to the new reclamation areas in Toshki or Sinai through the previous factors .

A

…

28
Q

General Prevention of Shistosomaisis

  • Environmental Sanitation
A
29
Q

General Prevention of Shistosomaisis

  • Snail Control
A
30
Q

Requirements of ideal Molluscicide

A
31
Q

What is the Name of molluscicide of choice?

A

Niclosamide

32
Q

General Prevention of Shistosomaisis

  • Health Education
A
33
Q

General Prevention of Shistosomaisis

  • Protection of Man
A

Protective clothing unpractical by gloves & boots

34
Q

Specific Prevention of Shistosomaisis

A

Vx: under trial.

35
Q

Case Control Measures for Shistosomaisis

  • Early case Finding
A
36
Q

Case Control Measures for Shistosomaisis

A
37
Q

Case Control Measures for Shistosomaisis

  • Notification
A
38
Q

Case Control Measures for Shistosomaisis

  • Isolation
A

not required

39
Q

Case Control Measures for Shistosomaisis

  • TTT
A
40
Q

Contact Control Measures for Shistosomaisis

A

Urine and stool analysis.

41
Q

Outbreak (Community) Control Measures for Shistosomaisis

A

Mass treatment if the prevalence reaches the epidemic threshold .

42
Q

Def of Leprosy [Hansen’s disease]

A
  • is an infection caused by slow-growing bacteria called
    Mycobacterium leprae.
43
Q

Previously feared as highly contagious & devastating disease but now we know it doesn’t spread easily and treatment is very effective

A

…..

44
Q

Global Epidemeology of Leprosy

A
  • There were 202,256 new leprosy cases registered globally in 2019, according to official figures from 161 countries from the 6 WHO Regions
  • The prevalence corresponds to 22.9 per million population
45
Q

National Epidemeology of Leprosy

A
  • Since 1994, Egypt has met WHO’s global leprosy elimination goal of reducing prevalence to less than 1 per 10 000 population

Study Epidemic Threshold

46
Q

Suspected Case of Leprosy

A
  • Person showing one or more of the following features

❶ Hypopigmented or reddish skin lesions with definite loss of
sensation

❷ Thickening of the peripheral nerves with loss of sensation

47
Q

CC of Leprosy

A

Skin smear positive for acid-fast bacilli (M Leprae).

48
Q

CA of Leprosy

A

Mycobacterium Leprae (acid fast bacilli)

49
Q

Reservoir of Leprosy

A

Only human

50
Q

Exit of Leprosy

A

Nasal discharge

51
Q

MOT of Leprosy

A

The bacillus is likely transmitted via droplets, from the nose and mouth, during close and frequent contact with untreated cases

52
Q

IP of Leprosy

A

on average, is 5 years. Symptoms may occur within 1 year but can also take as long as 20 years or even more.

53
Q

Types of Leprosy

A
54
Q

Susceptible Age of Leprosy

A

5-15 years is most susceptible

55
Q

Susceptible Families of Leprosy

A

❶ Familial tendency (runs in families but the inheritance pattern is unknown)

❷ Genetic susceptibility

56
Q

General Prevention of Leprosy

A
57
Q

Specific Prevention of Leprosy

A
58
Q

Specific Prevention of Leprosy

  • Active Immunization
A

❶ BCG vaccine offers a variable amount of protection against leprosy.

❷ Novel vaccine called LepVax entered clinical trials in 2017.

59
Q

Specific Prevention of Leprosy

  • Chemoprophylaxis
A

Single dose rifampicin for close contact of newly diagnosed patient

60
Q

Case Control measures of Leprosy

A
61
Q

Case Control measures of Leprosy

  • Early Case Finding
A

the most important measure in control of leprosy

62
Q

Case Control measures of Leprosy

  • Notification
A

local health office

63
Q

Case Control measures of Leprosy

  • Isolation
A

no need for isolation, Patients are no longer infectious after the first monthly dose

64
Q

Case Control measures of Leprosy

  • TTT
A
65
Q

Case Control measures of Leprosy

  • rehab
A

for patient with deformities and disabilities

66
Q

Contact Control Measures for Leprosy

A

❶ Enlistment by age, sex, vaccination history.

❷ Surveillance for early case finding annually for 5 years .

❸ Specific protection using BCG vaccine and single dose Rifampicin

Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 (30 decks)

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