L11: Rabies & HIV Flashcards
Def of Rabies
- Acute viral zoonosis affecting domestic & wild animals & spread to man through contact with infected saliva via bites or scratches especially from dogs.
Fatality of Rabies
It is 100% fatal viral infection, 10 thousand deaths
occurs every year especially in Africa and Asia
National Epi of Rabies
It is estimated that 32-88 cases occur each year, mainly among male and in rural areas
Global Epi of Rabies
Worldwide, 95% in Africa and Asia.
Suspected Case of Rabies
a case with neurological signs
Probable case of Rabies
suspected case with recent history of
bite from probably infected anima
Confirmed Case of Rabies
case with positive laboratory results
Causative Agent of Rabies
Rabies virus
Inciddence of Rabies
more than 10 million were exposed to animal bite worldwide with about 55 thousand deaths per year especially in developing countries
reservoir of Rabies
- Rabid animals: many domestic & wild animals :
Mainly dogs, then cats, foxes, wolfs & others.
Rats & Vampire bats(rare). - Man: virus found in saliva of the case (potential reservoir).
MOT of Rabies
contact infection through :
❶ Bites of rabid animal.
❷ Licks on skin or mucosa
❸ Man to man through saliva
Incubation Period of Rabies
about 7 days to 1 year (commonly 1-3 months) depending on:
❶ The bite: number, severity, distance from the brain
❷ The virus: amount & strain .
❸ The skin: bare or covered by clothing.
Infectivity Period of Rabies
start from 3 to 7 days before the onset of symptoms
Suseptipility for Rabies
all people are susceptible but lab worker, veterinaries, people deal directly with animal, people live in slums are more susceptible
general prevention of Rabies
Specific prevention of Rabies
Preventive measures following animal bite
- General
- Specific
General Preventive measures following animal bite
Specific Preventive measures following animal bite
Post-Exposure Seroprophylaxis in Rabies
Post-Exposure Vaccination in Rabies
Booster doses of rabies vaccine (human diploid cell rabies vaccine) for previously immunized at risk persons should be taken: every 2 years if occupational exposure exists .
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Categories of exposure & Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Rabies
Case Control Measures for Rabies
Notification in Rabies
local health office
isolation in Rabies
better at fever hospital .
TTT of Rabies
supportive treatment and medical care
Contacts Control Measures for Rabies
❶ Enlistment of all contact to a case.
❷ Surveillance.
❸ Wearing protective equipment to prevent contact with patient’s saliva.
Community Control Measures in Rabies
Surveillance for infected animal in the area with suspected or probable cases
International Measures for animals in Rabies
❶ Immunization, Certificates of animals.
❷ In rabies-free countries, quarantine of suspected imported animals for 4-6 m.
Def of AIDS
- AIDS is a severe, life-threatening disease, first recognized in 1981.
- It is the final stage of HIV virus infection which cause severe immune system damage
Global Epi of HIV
- There are an estimated about 36 million people living with HIV in 2016
- The majority in Sub-Saharan Africa
- There are 2.5 million children under 15 years of age infected with HIV.
- Case fatality rate is high .
National Epi of HIV
- Until the end of 2016, the reported cases were 8619 .
- Egypt is at an early stage of the epidemic (Low prevalence < 0.1%).
- The Egyptian National AIDS Program (NAP) help for early case finding & proper management
Epidemeologic Threshold of HIV
Suspected Case of HIV
Probable Case of HIV
HIV happens by exposure to …..
❶ infected blood
❷ infected semen
❸ infected vaginal secretion
❹ breast milk of infected mothe
Confirmed Case of HIV
Causative agent of HIV
Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Reservoir of HIV
Human cases
MOT of HIV
Susceptibility to HIV
IP of HIV
Variable
Infectivity Period of HIV
- All antibody +ve persons carry the HIV virus.
- Infectivity is life long, although successful therapy with antiviral drugs can viral load in blood & semen to undetectable levels.
General prevention of HIV
- Health education
- Precautions with blood
Health education to public
HIV
❶ Nature of disease
❷ Mode of transmission.
❸ How to avoid infection.
❹ Sex education .
Health education to HCW
HIV
Health Education to High-Risk Groups
HIV
precautions with blood to minimize HIV exposure
❶ Screening of blood for HIV .
❷ Standard hygienic precautions to avoid transmission of infections as HIV.
Intro to specific prevention of HIV
The Egyptian National AIDS Program (NAP) plays great role in HIV prevention through doing annual report on HIV according to data analysis every 3& 6 months
- VCCT
- Screening (To High-Risk Groups)
- PEP
- Prevention of vertical Transmission
- Vx Development (Under Trials)
Role of Voluntary confidential, Counseling and testing (VCCT) for HIV
Aims of Counseling on VCCT
Screening
Specific Prevention of HIV
PEP of HIV
Specific Prevention of HIV
Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV
Specific Prevention of HIV
Case Control Measures
HIV
Contacts Control Measures
HIV
