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Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 > L11: Rabies & HIV > Flashcards

L11: Rabies & HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Rabies

A
  • Acute viral zoonosis affecting domestic & wild animals & spread to man through contact with infected saliva via bites or scratches especially from dogs.
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2
Q

Fatality of Rabies

A

It is 100% fatal viral infection, 10 thousand deaths
occurs every year especially in Africa and Asia

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3
Q

National Epi of Rabies

A

It is estimated that 32-88 cases occur each year, mainly among male and in rural areas

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3
Q

Global Epi of Rabies

A

Worldwide, 95% in Africa and Asia.

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4
Q

Suspected Case of Rabies

A

a case with neurological signs

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5
Q

Probable case of Rabies

A

suspected case with recent history of
bite from probably infected anima

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6
Q

Confirmed Case of Rabies

A

case with positive laboratory results

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7
Q

Causative Agent of Rabies

A

Rabies virus

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8
Q

Inciddence of Rabies

A

more than 10 million were exposed to animal bite worldwide with about 55 thousand deaths per year especially in developing countries

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9
Q

reservoir of Rabies

A
  • Rabid animals: many domestic & wild animals :
    Mainly dogs, then cats, foxes, wolfs & others.
    Rats & Vampire bats(rare).
  • Man: virus found in saliva of the case (potential reservoir).
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10
Q

MOT of Rabies

A

contact infection through :
❶ Bites of rabid animal.
❷ Licks on skin or mucosa
❸ Man to man through saliva

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11
Q

Incubation Period of Rabies

A

about 7 days to 1 year (commonly 1-3 months) depending on:

❶ The bite: number, severity, distance from the brain
❷ The virus: amount & strain .
❸ The skin: bare or covered by clothing.

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12
Q

Infectivity Period of Rabies

A

start from 3 to 7 days before the onset of symptoms

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13
Q

Suseptipility for Rabies

A

all people are susceptible but lab worker, veterinaries, people deal directly with animal, people live in slums are more susceptible

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14
Q

general prevention of Rabies

A
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15
Q

Specific prevention of Rabies

A
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16
Q

Preventive measures following animal bite

A
  • General
  • Specific
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17
Q

General Preventive measures following animal bite

A
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18
Q

Specific Preventive measures following animal bite

A
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19
Q

Post-Exposure Seroprophylaxis in Rabies

A
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20
Q

Post-Exposure Vaccination in Rabies

A
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21
Q

Booster doses of rabies vaccine (human diploid cell rabies vaccine) for previously immunized at risk persons should be taken: every 2 years if occupational exposure exists .

A

..

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22
Q

Categories of exposure & Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Rabies

A
23
Q

Case Control Measures for Rabies

A
24
Q

Notification in Rabies

A

local health office

25
Q

isolation in Rabies

A

better at fever hospital .

26
Q

TTT of Rabies

A

supportive treatment and medical care

27
Q

Contacts Control Measures for Rabies

A

❶ Enlistment of all contact to a case.

❷ Surveillance.

❸ Wearing protective equipment to prevent contact with patient’s saliva.

28
Q

Community Control Measures in Rabies

A

Surveillance for infected animal in the area with suspected or probable cases

29
Q

International Measures for animals in Rabies

A

❶ Immunization, Certificates of animals.

❷ In rabies-free countries, quarantine of suspected imported animals for 4-6 m.

30
Q

Def of AIDS

A
  • AIDS is a severe, life-threatening disease, first recognized in 1981.
  • It is the final stage of HIV virus infection which cause severe immune system damage
31
Q

Global Epi of HIV

A
  • There are an estimated about 36 million people living with HIV in 2016
  • The majority in Sub-Saharan Africa
  • There are 2.5 million children under 15 years of age infected with HIV.
  • Case fatality rate is high .
32
Q

National Epi of HIV

A
  • Until the end of 2016, the reported cases were 8619 .
  • Egypt is at an early stage of the epidemic (Low prevalence < 0.1%).
  • The Egyptian National AIDS Program (NAP) help for early case finding & proper management
33
Q

Epidemeologic Threshold of HIV

A
34
Q

Suspected Case of HIV

A
35
Q

Probable Case of HIV

A
36
Q

HIV happens by exposure to …..

A

❶ infected blood
❷ infected semen
❸ infected vaginal secretion
❹ breast milk of infected mothe

36
Q

Confirmed Case of HIV

A
36
Q

Causative agent of HIV

A

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

37
Q

Reservoir of HIV

A

Human cases

37
Q

MOT of HIV

A
37
Q

Susceptibility to HIV

A
38
Q

IP of HIV

A

Variable

38
Q

Infectivity Period of HIV

A
  • All antibody +ve persons carry the HIV virus.
  • Infectivity is life long, although successful therapy with antiviral drugs can viral load in blood & semen to undetectable levels.
39
Q

General prevention of HIV

A
  • Health education
  • Precautions with blood
40
Q

Health education to public

HIV

A

❶ Nature of disease
❷ Mode of transmission.
❸ How to avoid infection.
❹ Sex education .

41
Q

Health education to HCW

HIV

A
42
Q

Health Education to High-Risk Groups

HIV

A
43
Q

precautions with blood to minimize HIV exposure

A

❶ Screening of blood for HIV .

❷ Standard hygienic precautions to avoid transmission of infections as HIV.

44
Q

Intro to specific prevention of HIV

A

The Egyptian National AIDS Program (NAP) plays great role in HIV prevention through doing annual report on HIV according to data analysis every 3& 6 months

  • VCCT
  • Screening (To High-Risk Groups)
  • PEP
  • Prevention of vertical Transmission
  • Vx Development (Under Trials)
45
Q

Role of Voluntary confidential, Counseling and testing (VCCT) for HIV

A
46
Q

Aims of Counseling on VCCT

A
47
Q

Screening

Specific Prevention of HIV

A
48
Q

PEP of HIV

Specific Prevention of HIV

A
49
Q

Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV

Specific Prevention of HIV

A
50
Q

Case Control Measures

HIV

A
51
Q

Contacts Control Measures

HIV

A

Y3R7 - (Community) 🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒 (30 decks)

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