L11: Rabies & HIV

Question 1

Def of Rabies

Answer 1

• Acute viral zoonosis affecting domestic & wild animals & spread to man through contact with infected saliva via bites or scratches especially from dogs.

Question 2

Fatality of Rabies

Answer 2

It is 100% fatal viral infection, 10 thousand deaths
occurs every year especially in Africa and Asia

Question 3

National Epi of Rabies

Answer 3

It is estimated that 32-88 cases occur each year, mainly among male and in rural areas

Question 3

Global Epi of Rabies

Answer 3

Worldwide, 95% in Africa and Asia.

Question 4

Suspected Case of Rabies

Answer 4

a case with neurological signs

Question 5

Probable case of Rabies

Answer 5

suspected case with recent history of
bite from probably infected anima

Question 6

Confirmed Case of Rabies

Answer 6

case with positive laboratory results

Question 7

Causative Agent of Rabies

Answer 7

Rabies virus

Question 8

Inciddence of Rabies

Answer 8

more than 10 million were exposed to animal bite worldwide with about 55 thousand deaths per year especially in developing countries

Question 9

reservoir of Rabies

Answer 9

• Rabid animals: many domestic & wild animals :
  Mainly dogs, then cats, foxes, wolfs & others.
  Rats & Vampire bats(rare).
• Man: virus found in saliva of the case (potential reservoir).

Question 10

MOT of Rabies

Answer 10

contact infection through :
❶ Bites of rabid animal.
❷ Licks on skin or mucosa
❸ Man to man through saliva

Question 11

Incubation Period of Rabies

Answer 11

about 7 days to 1 year (commonly 1-3 months) depending on:

❶ The bite: number, severity, distance from the brain
❷ The virus: amount & strain .
❸ The skin: bare or covered by clothing.

Question 12

Infectivity Period of Rabies

Answer 12

start from 3 to 7 days before the onset of symptoms

Question 13

Suseptipility for Rabies

Answer 13

all people are susceptible but lab worker, veterinaries, people deal directly with animal, people live in slums are more susceptible

Question 14

general prevention of Rabies

Answer 14

Question 15

Specific prevention of Rabies

Answer 15

Question 16

Preventive measures following animal bite

Answer 16

• General
• Specific

Question 17

General Preventive measures following animal bite

Answer 17

Question 18

Specific Preventive measures following animal bite

Answer 18

Question 19

Post-Exposure Seroprophylaxis in Rabies

Answer 19

Question 20

Post-Exposure Vaccination in Rabies

Answer 20

Question 21

Booster doses of rabies vaccine (human diploid cell rabies vaccine) for previously immunized at risk persons should be taken: every 2 years if occupational exposure exists .

Answer 21

..

Question 22

Categories of exposure & Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Rabies

Answer 22

Question 23

Case Control Measures for Rabies

Answer 23

Question 24

Notification in **Rabies**

Answer 24

local health office

Question 25

isolation in **Rabies**

Answer 25

better at fever hospital .

Question 26

TTT of **Rabies**

Answer 26

supportive treatment and medical care

Question 27

Contacts Control Measures for **Rabies**

Answer 27

❶ Enlistment of all contact to a case. ❷ Surveillance. ❸ Wearing protective equipment to prevent contact with patient's saliva.

Question 28

Community Control Measures in **Rabies**

Answer 28

Surveillance for infected animal in the area with suspected or probable cases

Question 29

International Measures for animals in **Rabies**

Answer 29

❶ Immunization, Certificates of animals. ❷ In rabies-free countries, quarantine of suspected imported animals for 4-6 m.

Question 30

Def of **AIDS**

Answer 30

- AIDS is a severe, life-threatening disease, first recognized in 1981. - It is the final stage of HIV virus infection which cause severe immune system damage

Question 31

Global Epi of **HIV**

Answer 31

- There are an estimated about 36 million people living with HIV in 2016 - The majority in Sub-Saharan Africa - There are 2.5 million children under 15 years of age infected with HIV. - Case fatality rate is high .

Question 32

National Epi of **HIV**

Answer 32

- Until the end of 2016, the reported cases were 8619 . - Egypt is at an early stage of the epidemic (Low prevalence < 0.1%). - The Egyptian National AIDS Program (NAP) help for early case finding & proper management

Question 33

Epidemeologic Threshold of **HIV**

Answer 33

Question 34

Suspected Case of **HIV**

Answer 34

Question 35

Probable Case of **HIV**

Answer 35

Question 36

**HIV** happens by exposure to .....

Answer 36

❶ infected blood ❷ infected semen ❸ infected vaginal secretion ❹ breast milk of infected mothe

Question 36

Confirmed Case of **HIV**

Answer 36

Question 36

Causative agent of **HIV**

Answer 36

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 37

Reservoir of **HIV**

Answer 37

Human cases

Question 37

MOT of **HIV**

Answer 37

Question 37

Susceptibility to **HIV**

Answer 37

Question 38

IP of **HIV**

Answer 38

Variable

Question 38

Infectivity Period of **HIV**

Answer 38

- All antibody +ve persons carry the HIV virus. - Infectivity is life long, although successful therapy with antiviral drugs can viral load in blood & semen to undetectable levels.

Question 39

General prevention of **HIV**

Answer 39

- Health education - Precautions with blood

Question 40

Health education to public **HIV**

Answer 40

❶ Nature of disease ❷ Mode of transmission. ❸ How to avoid infection. ❹ Sex education .

Question 41

Health education to HCW **HIV**

Answer 41

Question 42

Health Education to High-Risk Groups **HIV**

Answer 42

Question 43

precautions with blood to minimize HIV exposure

Answer 43

❶ Screening of blood for HIV . ❷ Standard hygienic precautions to avoid transmission of infections as HIV.

Question 44

Intro to specific prevention of **HIV**

Answer 44

**The Egyptian National AIDS Program (NAP) plays great role in HIV prevention through doing annual report on HIV according to data analysis every 3& 6 months** - VCCT - Screening (To High-Risk Groups) - PEP - Prevention of vertical Transmission - Vx Development (Under Trials)

Question 45

Role of **Voluntary confidential, Counseling and testing (VCCT) for HIV**

Answer 45

Question 46

Aims of Counseling on VCCT

Answer 46

Question 47

Screening **Specific Prevention of HIV**

Answer 47

Question 48

PEP of **HIV** **Specific Prevention of HIV**

Answer 48

Question 49

Prevention of mother to child transmission of **HIV** **Specific Prevention of HIV**

Answer 49

Question 50

Case Control Measures **HIV**

Answer 50

Question 51

Contacts Control Measures **HIV**

Answer 51