L28: Chemical & Physical Hazards at Work

Question 1

Types of chemicals that cause
occupational diseases

Answer 1

Question 2

Types of Gases that cause
occupational diseases

Answer 2

Question 3

Simple asphyxiants

• Example & Occupational Exposure

Answer 3

Question 4

Chemical Asphyxiants

• Example & Occupational Exposure

Answer 4

Question 5

Systemically Active

• Example & Occupational Exposure

Answer 5

Question 6

Upper Respiratory Irritants

• Example & Occupational Exposure

Answer 6

Question 7

Lung Tissue Irritants

• Example & Occupational Exposure

Answer 7

Question 8

Def of Dust

Answer 8

• solid tiny particles suspended in air formed from drilling, blasting, grinding and breaking down of materials .

Question 9

Def of Pneumoconiosis

Answer 9

• is the presence of inhaled dust in lungs and tissue reaction against

Question 10

Types of Dust

Answer 10

Organic:

• Cotton

Inorganic:

• Silica
• Asbestos

Question 11

CA of Byssinosis

Answer 11

Cotton

Question 12

Occupational exposure of Byssinosis

Answer 12

Textile industry

Question 13

Def of Byssinosis

Answer 13

• Acute respiratory symptoms due to exposure to cotton or flax dust

Question 14

Characters of Byssinosis

Answer 14

• Ranging from acute dyspnea with cough & chest tightness on one or more days of working week (reversible by bronchodilator) to chronic or permanent obstructive lung disease

Question 14

CA of Silicosis

Answer 14

❶ Mining
❷ Tunneling
❸ Glass industry
❹ Cement industry.
❺ Granite cutting & rock cutting.

Question 15

Occupational Exposure to Silicosis

Answer 15

Silicosis

Question 16

Def of Silicosis

Answer 16

• A chronic disease due to inhalation of free crystalline silica

Question 17

Characters of Silicosis

Answer 17

• general fibrosis & miliary nodules in both lungs

Question 18

CA of Asbestosis

Answer 18

Asbestos

Question 19

Occupational Exposure to Asbestosis

Answer 19

❶ Asbestos Mining.
❷ Boilermakers .
❸ Insulation workers .

NB:asbestos use is prohibited since 1976

Question 20

Def of Asbestosis

Answer 20

• A disease due to inhalation of asbestos fibers

Question 21

Characters of Asbestosis

Answer 21

• diffuse interstitial fibrosis in the lower lobe of lung & bronchiectasis .
• progressive & continue even after stopping exposure.

Question 22

Metals & their compounds

• Agents Causing occupational Disease

Answer 22

such as lead cause lead anemia, mercury, cadmium, manganese, arsenic, etc .

Question 23

Solvents

• Agents Causing Occupational Disease

Answer 23

such as carbon bisulphide, benzene, chloroform, etc.

Question 24

Other Chemicals - Agents Causing Occupational Disease

Answer 24

such as acids, alkalis, pesticides, etc .

Question 25

Types of physical agents that cause occupational diseases

Answer 25

Question 26

Dangerous Exposure to Noise

Answer 26

- workplaces with continuous noise of more than 85 dB for more than 8 hrs/ d for more than 3 years

Question 27

Examples of occupational Exposure to Noise

Answer 27

❶ Weaving industry ❷ Air port ❸ Hammering

Question 28

Occupational Diseases D2 Noise

Answer 28

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)

Question 29

Causes of **Segmental body vibration**

Answer 29

using: - chain saw - Pneumatic & electric hand tools

Question 30

Effects of **Segmental body vibration**

Answer 30

Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS)

Question 31

Causes of **Whole body vibration**

Answer 31

drivers

Question 32

Effects of **Whole body vibration**

Answer 32

Back pain due to whole body vibration

Question 33

Examples of **Ionizing radiation Exposure**

Answer 33

❶ medical diagnosis &therapy ❷ nuclear energy plant ❸ nuclear weapon testing

Question 34

Effects of **Ionizing radiation Exposure**

Answer 34

❶ carcinogenic effects ❷ mutagenic effects ❸ chronic dermatitis ❹ cataract

Question 35

Examples of **Ultra-Violet ray Exposure**

Answer 35

❶ Arc welding ❷ Mercury lamp

Question 36

Effects of **Ultra-Violet ray Exposure**

Answer 36

❶ eye: corneal ulcer ❷ skin: erythema - basal cell carcinoma

Question 37

Examples of **Infra-red ray Exposure**

Answer 37

❶ glass, iron, steel industries ❷ Home electrical appliances

Question 38

Effects of **Infra-red ray Exposure**

Answer 38

❶ Eye: cataract (post polar) ❷ skin: pigmentation

Question 39

Examples of **Exposure to Increases in pressure**

Answer 39

Increases in pressure e.g. descent during an underwater dive, descent during a plane flight - Exposed occupations: ❶ divers ❷ caisson workers ❸ airplane crew ❹ miners

Question 40

Effects of **Exposure to Increases in pressure**

Answer 40

**dysbarism refers to medical conditions resulting from changes in ambient pressure** ❶ Decompression sickness (the most common type) ❷ Nitrogen narcosis ❸ Barotrauma

Question 41

Examples of **Exposure to Decreases in pressure**

Answer 41

coming up from a caisson, or ascending a mountain - Exposed occupations: ❶ divers ❷ caisson workers ❸ airplane crew ❹ miners

Question 42

Effects of **Exposure to Decreases in pressure**

Answer 42

**dysbarism refers to medical conditions resulting from changes in ambient pressure** ❶ Decompression sickness (the most common type) ❷ Nitrogen narcosis ❸ Barotrauma

Question 43

Examples of **High temp Exposure**

Answer 43

❶ Foundries ❷ bakeries ❸ engine room ❹ construction ❺ laundries

Question 44

Causes of **High temp Exposure**

Answer 44

❶ Heat exhaustion ❷ Heat stroke ❸ Heat cramps ❹ skin changes ❺ Thermal lung injuries

Question 45

Examples of **Low temp Exposure**

Answer 45

❶ soldiers ❷ meat packers ❸ refrigerators ❹ divers ❺ Manufacture of ice & ice cream

Question 46

Effects of **Low temp Exposure**

Answer 46

Hypothermia means lowering core body temp to or below 35̊C ❶ Excessive general body chilling ❷ Frost bit