L28: Chemical & Physical Hazards at Work Flashcards
Types of chemicals that cause
occupational diseases
Types of Gases that cause
occupational diseases
Simple asphyxiants
- Example & Occupational Exposure
Chemical Asphyxiants
- Example & Occupational Exposure
Systemically Active
- Example & Occupational Exposure
Upper Respiratory Irritants
- Example & Occupational Exposure
Lung Tissue Irritants
- Example & Occupational Exposure
Def of Dust
- solid tiny particles suspended in air formed from drilling, blasting, grinding and breaking down of materials .
Def of Pneumoconiosis
- is the presence of inhaled dust in lungs and tissue reaction against
Types of Dust
Organic:
- Cotton
Inorganic:
- Silica
- Asbestos
CA of Byssinosis
Cotton
Occupational exposure of Byssinosis
Textile industry
Def of Byssinosis
- Acute respiratory symptoms due to exposure to cotton or flax dust
Characters of Byssinosis
- Ranging from acute dyspnea with cough & chest tightness on one or more days of working week (reversible by bronchodilator) to chronic or permanent obstructive lung disease
CA of Silicosis
❶ Mining
❷ Tunneling
❸ Glass industry
❹ Cement industry.
❺ Granite cutting & rock cutting.
Occupational Exposure to Silicosis
Silicosis
Def of Silicosis
- A chronic disease due to inhalation of free crystalline silica
Characters of Silicosis
- general fibrosis & miliary nodules in both lungs
CA of Asbestosis
Asbestos
Occupational Exposure to Asbestosis
❶ Asbestos Mining.
❷ Boilermakers .
❸ Insulation workers .
NB:asbestos use is prohibited since 1976
Def of Asbestosis
- A disease due to inhalation of asbestos fibers
Characters of Asbestosis
- diffuse interstitial fibrosis in the lower lobe of lung & bronchiectasis .
- progressive & continue even after stopping exposure.
Metals & their compounds
- Agents Causing occupational Disease
such as lead cause lead anemia, mercury, cadmium, manganese, arsenic, etc .
Solvents
- Agents Causing Occupational Disease
such as carbon bisulphide, benzene, chloroform, etc.
Other Chemicals
- Agents Causing Occupational Disease
such as acids, alkalis, pesticides, etc .
Types of physical agents that cause
occupational diseases
Dangerous Exposure to Noise
- workplaces with continuous noise of more than 85 dB for more than 8 hrs/ d for more than 3 years
Examples of occupational Exposure to Noise
❶ Weaving industry
❷ Air port
❸ Hammering
Occupational Diseases D2 Noise
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
Causes of Segmental body
vibration
using:
- chain saw
- Pneumatic & electric hand tools
Effects of Segmental body
vibration
Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS)
Causes of Whole body
vibration
drivers
Effects of Whole body
vibration
Back pain due to whole body vibration
Examples of Ionizing radiation Exposure
❶ medical diagnosis &therapy
❷ nuclear energy plant
❸ nuclear weapon testing
Effects of Ionizing radiation Exposure
❶ carcinogenic effects
❷ mutagenic effects
❸ chronic dermatitis
❹ cataract
Examples of Ultra-Violet ray Exposure
❶ Arc welding
❷ Mercury lamp
Effects of Ultra-Violet ray Exposure
❶ eye: corneal ulcer
❷ skin: erythema - basal cell carcinoma
Examples of Infra-red ray Exposure
❶ glass, iron, steel industries
❷ Home electrical appliances
Effects of Infra-red ray Exposure
❶ Eye: cataract (post polar)
❷ skin: pigmentation
Examples of Exposure to Increases in pressure
Increases in pressure e.g. descent during an underwater dive, descent during a plane flight
- Exposed occupations:
❶ divers
❷ caisson workers
❸ airplane crew
❹ miners
Effects of Exposure to Increases in pressure
dysbarism refers to medical conditions resulting from changes in ambient pressure
❶ Decompression sickness (the most common type)
❷ Nitrogen narcosis
❸ Barotrauma
Examples of Exposure to Decreases in pressure
coming up from a caisson, or ascending a mountain
- Exposed occupations:
❶ divers
❷ caisson workers
❸ airplane crew
❹ miners
Effects of Exposure to Decreases in pressure
dysbarism refers to medical conditions resulting from changes in ambient pressure
❶ Decompression sickness (the most common type)
❷ Nitrogen narcosis
❸ Barotrauma
Examples of High temp Exposure
❶ Foundries
❷ bakeries
❸ engine room
❹ construction
❺ laundries
Causes of High temp Exposure
❶ Heat exhaustion
❷ Heat stroke
❸ Heat cramps
❹ skin changes
❺ Thermal lung injuries
Examples of Low temp Exposure
❶ soldiers
❷ meat packers
❸ refrigerators
❹ divers
❺ Manufacture of ice & ice cream
Effects of Low temp Exposure
Hypothermia means lowering core body temp to or below 35̊C
❶ Excessive general body chilling
❷ Frost bit