L4: General Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases (Immunity Levels of Prevention) Flashcards
Def of Immunity
Defense mechanisms that protect from microorganisms & harmful agents
Types of Immune Defenses
- Innate
- Acquired
what is Innate Immunity?
Do not depend on previous exposure to infection.
Examples of Innate Immunity
- Intact skin & mucous membranes.
- Coughing & sneezing blinking reflexes
- GIT: Normal bacteria flora - Gastric acidity
Types of Acquired Immunity
- Naturally acquired
- Artificially acquired
Types of Naturally acquired immunity
- Passive
- Active
Types of Passive naturally acquired Immunity
- Trans-Placental
- Mother’s Milk
Trans placental immunity
- During last weeks of pregnancy
- Immune mothers transfer IgG to fetus.
- Infant will be immune for 6-9 months.
Examples of Trans placental immunity
measles, polio & chicken pox
Mother’s milk immunity
- IgA, lysozymes, macrophages are secreted in colostrum & breast milk.
- Gives protection for 6 months.
types of Active immunity
Types of Artificially Acquired Immunity
- Passive (Seroprophylaxis)
- Active
Characters of Passive Artificially Acquired Immunity
- Using serum contains immunoglobulins (g) or lymphocytes.
- Used in prophylaxis or treatment & before or after exposure.
- Gives Rapid but short-time protection.
Types of Passive Artificially Acquired Immunity (Seroprophylaxis)
- Animal (Heterogenous)
- Human (Homogenous)
Compare between animal & Human Passive Artificially Acquired immunity in terms of:
- Preparation
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
- Types
what are types of human immunoglobulins?
- NHI
- SHI
Compare between NHI & SHI in trems of:
- Preparation
- Uses
Types of active artificially acquired immunity
- Live
- LAV
- Killed or Inactivated
- Toxoid
- Conjugate
- Subunit
Live Vaccines
Small pox vaccine prepared from cow pox virus
Compare between LAV & Killed vaccine Vaccines
in terms of:
- Preparation
- Efficacy
- Doses
- Immunosuppresed?
- Examples
Toxoid Vaccines
- Prepared from detoxicated exotoxin.
- Loss toxicity but retain antigenicity.
- E.g. Diphtheria & Tetanus.
Conjugate Vaccines
- Meningococcal vaccine → capsular polysaccharide.
- Pneumococcal vaccine → Capsular polysaccharide.
Subunit Vaccines
Surface antigen - For viral B hepatitis → Two types:
- HBAg from plasma of chronic carries.
- Genetic engineering in yeast cells.
Hazards of immunization
