L4: General Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases (Immunity Levels of Prevention) Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Def of Immunity

Answer

A

Defense mechanisms that protect from microorganisms & harmful agents

Question 2

Q

Types of Immune Defenses

Answer

A

Innate
Acquired

Question 3

Q

what is Innate Immunity?

Answer

A

Do not depend on previous exposure to infection.

Question 4

Q

Examples of Innate Immunity

Answer

A

Intact skin & mucous membranes.
Coughing & sneezing blinking reflexes
GIT: Normal bacteria flora - Gastric acidity

Question 5

Q

Types of Acquired Immunity

Answer

A

Naturally acquired
Artificially acquired

Question 6

Q

Types of Naturally acquired immunity

Answer

A

Passive
Active

Question 7

Q

Types of Passive naturally acquired Immunity

Answer

A

Trans-Placental
Mother’s Milk

Question 8

Q

Trans placental immunity

Answer

A

During last weeks of pregnancy
Immune mothers transfer IgG to fetus.
Infant will be immune for 6-9 months.

Question 9

Q

Examples of Trans placental immunity

Answer

A

measles, polio & chicken pox

Question 10

Q

Mother’s milk immunity

Answer

A

IgA, lysozymes, macrophages are secreted in colostrum & breast milk.
Gives protection for 6 months.

Question 11

Q

types of Active immunity

Question 12

Q

Types of Artificially Acquired Immunity

Answer

A

Passive (Seroprophylaxis)
Active

Question 13

Q

Characters of Passive Artificially Acquired Immunity

Answer

A

Using serum contains immunoglobulins (g) or lymphocytes.
Used in prophylaxis or treatment & before or after exposure.
Gives Rapid but short-time protection.

Question 14

Q

Types of Passive Artificially Acquired Immunity (Seroprophylaxis)

Answer

A

Animal (Heterogenous)
Human (Homogenous)

Question 15

Q

Compare between animal & Human Passive Artificially Acquired immunity in terms of:

Preparation
Advantages
Disadvantages
Types

Question 16

Q

what are types of human immunoglobulins?

Question 17

Q

Compare between NHI & SHI in trems of:

Preparation
Uses

Question 18

Q

Types of active artificially acquired immunity

Answer

A

Live
LAV
Killed or Inactivated
Toxoid
Conjugate
Subunit

Question 19

Q

Live Vaccines

Answer

A

Small pox vaccine prepared from cow pox virus

Question 20

Q

Compare between LAV & Killed vaccine Vaccines

in terms of:

Preparation
Efficacy
Doses
Immunosuppresed?
Examples

Question 21

Q

Toxoid Vaccines

Answer

A

Prepared from detoxicated exotoxin.
Loss toxicity but retain antigenicity.
E.g. Diphtheria & Tetanus.

Question 22

Q

Conjugate Vaccines

Answer

A

Meningococcal vaccine → capsular polysaccharide.
Pneumococcal vaccine → Capsular polysaccharide.

Question 23

Q

Subunit Vaccines

Answer

A

Surface antigen - For viral B hepatitis → Two types:

HBAg from plasma of chronic carries.
Genetic engineering in yeast cells.

Question 24

Q

Hazards of immunization

Question 25

Q

Contraindications to child vaccination

Question 26

Q

Def of Herd Immunity

Answer

A

State of immunity in a group or community.
It represents resistance of group to spread of infectious agent d.2 immunity of high proportion of persons in this group.

Question 27

Q

Principle of Herd Immunity

Answer

A

If large proportion of population is immune → the entire population is likely protected because chance is small that an infected person will encounter a susceptible person.