L7: Meningitis & Avian Flu Flashcards
Def of Meningitis
A serious infection of the thin lining that surrounds the brain & spinal cord.
According to causative agent, Meninigitis Can be Classified into:
Global Epidemiology of Meningococcal Meninigitis
National Epidemeology of Meningococcal Meninigitis
Epidemic Threshold of Meningococcal Meninigitis
Suspected Case of Meningococcal Meninigitis
Probable Case of Meningococcal Meninigitis
- Suspected case & Turbid CSF (* +ve gram stain).
Or
- Ongoing epidemic & epidemiological link to a confirmed case.
Confirmed case of Meningococcal Meninigitis
Suspected case + +ve culture of CSF
Causative agent of Meningococcal Meninigitis
Neisseria meningitidis
Serological Groups of Meningococcal Meninigitis
Type of reservoir of Meningococcal Meninigitis
Infectivity Period in Meningococcal Meninigitis
- As long as organisms present in nasopharyngeal discharge.
- With administration of antibiotics β Infectious only for 24 hours.
MOT of Meningococcal Meninigitis
IP of Meningococcal Meninigitis
2-10 days (Nearly 1 week)
Susceptipility for Meningococcal Meninigitis
General Prevention of Meningococcal Meninigitis
- Apply basic measure for prevention of respiratory diseases.
- Health education in personal hygiene & avoid overcrowding.
Specific prevention of Meningococcal Meninigitis
Vaccination for high risk groups:
- QUADRIVALENT VACCINE (ACY W135)
- VACCINE CONTAINING GROUP A
- VACCINE CONTAINING GROUP A -C
QUADRIVALENT VACCINE (ACY W135)
VACCINE CONTAINING GROUP A
VACCINE CONTAINING GROUP A -C
- Vaccines does not include Group B, As its capsular polysaccharide is poorly immunogenic.
..
Chemoprophylaxis in Meningococcal Meninigitis
- Rifampicin βDrug of choiceβ 600mg / 12hours for 2 days -(Children half dose).
- Ceftriaxone 250mg IM given in a single dose for pregnant
Case Measures in Meningococcal Meninigitis
Contact Measures in Meningococcal Meninigitis
Epidemic Measures in Meningococcal Meninigitis
international Measures in Meningococcal Meninigitis
Def of Avian Flu
An infection (zoonotic disease) caused by influenza virus A (H5N1).
Global Epidemeology of Avian Flu
National Epidemeology of Avian Flu
- 1st direct bird to human spread occurred i 2006
- Total cases in 2017 were 359 with 122 deaths
(CFR is 34%)
Epidemic Threshold in Avian Flu
β₯ 1 case of bird flu virus
Suspected Case in Avian Flu
General Prevention in Avian Flu
- Hygienic Handling of raw poultry.
- Hand washing after handling frozen/raw chicken or eggs.
- The need to separate birds from the living quarters.
Conformid Case in Avian Flu
Suspected case + +ve PCR on a lab examination
Causative Organism in Avian Flu
Influenza virus A (H5N1)
Type of Reservoir in Avian Flu
Birds (Wild & Domestic)
NO human-to-human
MOT in Avian Flu
IP of Avian Flu
2-8 days (Up to 2 weeks)
Susceptibility for Avian Flu
- Occupation: Who works in breeding - slaughtering-or removing feathers.
- Vulnerable groups: Children - Elderly - Pregnant women - Those with chronic diseases - Immune-compromised are at higher risk.
Antigenic Shift
Specific Prevention in Avian Flu
Seasonal A influenza β Decreased risk of co-infection
Case Measures in Avian Flu
Contact Measures in Avian Flu
International Measures in Avian Flu