KEY ASSOCIATIONS III

Question 1

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

Answer 1

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

Question 2

Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)

Answer 2

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Question 3

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Answer 3

Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball valve”)

Question 4

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

Answer 4

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 5

Hypopituitarism

Answer 5

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

Question 6

Cretinism

Answer 6

Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

Question 7

Thyroid cancer

Answer 7

Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)

Question 8

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 8

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

Question 9

1° hyperparathyroidism

Answer 9

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

Question 10

2° hyperparathyroidism

Answer 10

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

Question 11

Cushing syndrome

Answer 11

Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)

Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)

ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)

Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

Question 12

1° hyperaldosteronism

Answer 12

Adrenal hyperplasia or adenoma

Question 13

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

Answer 13

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

Question 14

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

Answer 14

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Question 15

Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

Answer 15

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or

pancreas), associated with MEN1

Question 16

Esophageal cancer

Answer 16

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma

US

Question 17

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Answer 17

Cushing ulcer ( intracranial pressure stimulates vagal
gastric H+ secretion)

Question 18

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Answer 18

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in
sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Question 19

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

Answer 19

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

Question 20

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Answer 20

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause

pernicious anemia)

Question 21

Gastric cancer

Answer 21

Adenocarcinoma

Question 22

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal

colon

Answer 22

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

Question 23

Site of diverticula

Answer 23

Sigmoid colon

Question 24

Diverticulum in pharynx

Answer 24

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

Question 25

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 25

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C, alcoholism, and hemochromatosis)

Question 26

Liver disease

Answer 26

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Question 27

1° liver cancer

Answer 27

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis,
hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson
disease)

Question 28

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Answer 28

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to

secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)