KEY ASSOCIATIONS II

Question 1

UTI

Answer 1

E coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

Question 2

Sexually transmitted disease

Answer 2

C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhoeae)

Question 3

Nosocomial pneumonia

Answer 3

S aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram ⊝ rods

Question 4

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 4

C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae

Question 5

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 5

S aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase ⊕)

Question 6

Metastases to bone

Answer 6

Prostate, breast > kidney, thyroid, lung

Question 7

Metastases to brain

Answer 7

Lung > breast > melanoma, colon, kidney

Question 8

Metastases to liver

Answer 8

Colon&raquo_space; stomach > pancreas

Question 9

S3 heart sound

Answer 9

increase ventricular filling pressure (eg, mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles

Question 10

S4 heart sound

Answer 10

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive

cardiomyopathy)

Question 11

Constrictive pericarditis

Answer 11

TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)

Question 12

Holosystolic murmur

Answer 12

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Question 13

Ejection click

Answer 13

Aortic stenosis

Question 14

Mitral valve stenosis

Answer 14

Rheumatic heart disease

Question 15

Opening snap

Answer 15

Mitral stenosis

Question 16

Heart murmur, congenital

Answer 16

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 17

Chronic arrhythmia

Answer 17

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

Question 18

Cyanosis (early; less common)

Answer 18

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, tricuspid atresia

Question 19

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

Answer 19

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA;
results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Question 20

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Answer 20

VSD

Question 21

Hypertension, 2°

Answer 21

Renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease (eg,
polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy),
hyperaldosteronism

Question 22

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

Answer 22

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

Question 23

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

Answer 23

Atherosclerosis, smoking is major risk factor

Question 24

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

Answer 24

3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

Question 25

Sites of atherosclerosis

Answer 25

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery

> carotid artery

Question 26

Aortic dissection

Answer 26

Hypertension

Question 27

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

Answer 27

Cor pulmonale

Question 28

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Answer 28

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

Question 29

Endocarditis presentation associated with bacterium

Answer 29

S aureus (acute, IVDA, tricuspid valve), viridans
streptococci (subacute, dental procedure), S bovis (colon cancer), culture negative (Coxiella, Bartonella, HACEK)

Question 30

Temporal arteritis

Answer 30

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of

ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica