ISCHEMIC STROKE Flashcards
an ischemic stroke is formerly referred to as a
Cerebrovascular Accident or “brain attack”
Ischemic strokes are subdivided into five different type based on the cause:
*Large Artery Thrombotic Strokes
*Small Penetrating Artery Thrombotic Strokes
*Cardiogenic Embolic Strokes
*Cryptogenic Strokes
*Other causes
are caused by atherosclerotic plaques in the large blood vessels of the brain.
Large Artery Thrombotic Strokes
affect one or more vessels and are a common types of ischemic stroke.
Small Penetrating Artery Thrombotic Strokes
are associated with cardiac arrhythmias, usually atrial fibrillation.
Cariogenic Embolic Strokes
strokes which have no known causes
Cryptogenic Strokes
strokes from Illicit drug use, coagulopathies, migraine/vasospasm, or spontaneous dissection of the carotid.
Other causes of Stroke
In the cascade, an area of the low cerebral blood flow that exists around the area of infarction is referred to as
Penumbra Region
A person experiencing a stroke typically loses how many neurons each minute that the stroke is not treated
1.9 million neurons
The ischemic brain ages how many years each hour without treatment?
3.6 years
Medications that protect the brain from secondary injury are called
Neuroprotectants
is the loss of ability to recognize objects through a particular sensory system.
Agnosia
blindness in half of the visual field in one or both eyes
hemianopsia
Inability to perform a previously learned action
Apraxia
First-line imaging to rule out hemorrhagic stroke.
Non-contrast CT scan
examples of IV thrombolytics (tPA)
Alteplase and Tenecteplase
how many hours should IV thrombolytics (tPA) be give after onset of stroke symptoms?
3 - 4.5 hours
NIHSS
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
Occurs when blood clot forms in the brain
Thrombotic Stroke
Happens when a clot forms elsewhere in the body, travels to the brain, and gets stuck in a blood vessel
Embolic Stroke
