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MEDSURGE > Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

an excessive or aberrant immune response to any type of stimulus.

A

Hypersensitivity

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2
Q

The most severe hypersensitive reaction is

A

Anaphylaxis

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3
Q

An unanticipated severe allergic reaction that is rapid in onset. Characterized by edema in many tissues.

A

Anaphylactic (Type 1) Hypersensitivity

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4
Q

occurs when antibodies are directed against antigens on cells or basement membranes of tissues.

A

Cytotoxic (Type II) Hypersensitivity

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5
Q

This reaction can lead to cell lysis and tissue damage.

A

Cytotoxic (Type II) Hypersensitivity

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6
Q

What is the best example for Cytotoxic (Type II) Hypersensitivity?

A

Hemolytic Transfusion reaction.

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7
Q

is a damaging inflammatory reaction caused by the insoluble immune complexes formed by antigens that bind to antibodies.

A

Immune Complex (Type III) Hypersensitivity

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8
Q

is a T cell-mediated immune reaction after exposure to an antigen. This immune reaction typically occurs 24 to 48 hours after exposure to an antigen.

A

Delayed (Type IV) Hypersensitivity

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9
Q

the antibody typically responsible for allergic reaction belongs to the

A

IgE isotype

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10
Q

When there is doubt about the validity of the skin tests,

A

serum-specific IgE test or a provocative challenge test may be performed.

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11
Q

The methods of skin testing include

A

*prick skin tests
*scratch tests
*intradermal skin testing

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12
Q

it is the most suitable area of the body for skin testing

A

The back area

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13
Q

is an automated test performed on blood samples by a pathology laboratory.

A

Serum-specific IgE Test

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14
Q

The serum-specific Ige Test is formerly known as

A

RAST

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15
Q

What is RAST?

A

Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST)

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16
Q

Immunoglobulins are grouped into five classes

A

*IgG
*IgA
*IgM
*IgD
*IgE

17
Q

IgE-producing cells are located in the

A

respiratory and intestinal mucosa

18
Q

refers to IgE-mediated diseases, such as allergic rhinitis

A

Atopy

19
Q

are programmed to produce one specific antibody.

A

B Cells

20
Q

what are the Primary Chemical Mediators in allergic responses?

A

*Histamine
*Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor of Anaphylaxis
*Platelet-Activating Factor
*Prostaglandins

21
Q

What are the Secondary chemical mediators in allergic responses?

A

*Leukotrienes
*bradykinins
*serotonin

22
Q

is released by mast cells. It is the first chemical mediator to be released in immune and inflammatory responses.

A

Histamine

23
Q

affects the movement of eosinophils to the site of allergens. It is performed in the mast cells and is released from disrupted mast cells.

A

Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor of Anaphylaxis

24
Q

is responsible for initiating platelet aggregation and leukocyte infiltration at sites of immediate hypersensitivity reaction.

A

Platelet-Activating Factor

25
Q

produce smooth muscle contraction as well as vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.

A

Prostaglandins

26
Q

they sensitize pain receptors and increase the pain associated with inflammation.

A

Prostaglandins

27
Q

Interpretation of reactions, wheal soft with minimal erythema.

A

Negative Reactions

28
Q

Interpretation of reactions, wheal present (5 to 8mm) with associated erythema.

A

1+

29
Q

Interpretation of reactions, wheal (7 to 10mm) with associated erythema.

A

2+

30
Q

Interpretation of reactions, wheal (9 to 10mm), slight pseudopodia possible with associated erythema

A

3+

31
Q

wheal (12 mm+) with pseudopodia and diffuse erythema.

A

4+

32
Q

Corticosteroids and antihistamines, suppress skin test reactivity and should be stopped how many hours before testing?

A

48 to 96 hours

MEDSURGE (15 decks)

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