Tuberculosis Flashcards
What is the primary infectious agent of Tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
The initial infection usually occurs
2 to 10 weeks after exposure
Fibrous tissue mass formed during infection.
Ghon Tubercle
For prevention recommendations, how many air exchanges per hour?
six (6) air exchanges per hour
For AFB isolation precautions, what room should the patient with TB should be in?
A room with negative pressure
If the patient is infected with TB, the chest x-ray usually reveals
lesions in the upper lobes.
is a standardized, intracutaeneous injection procedure for TB testing.
Mantoux Method
PPD
Purified Protein Derivative
Approximately how many inches below the elbow is PPD injected?
Approximately 4 inches below the elbow
The mantoux test result is read how many hours after the inejction?
48 to 72 hour after injection.
what is the term used for a raised hard area or swelling?
Induration
An induration of 0 to 4 mm is considered what?
considered as not signifcant.
An induration reaction of 5 mm or greater is
considered significant in people who are considered to be at risk of TB.
An induration of 10 mm or greater is what?
usually considered significant in people who have normal or mildly impaired immunity.
What do you call when a patient is immunosuppressed and cannot develop an immune response to produce a positive skin test?
Anergy
IGRA
Interferon Gamma Release Assay
QFT-Plus Test
QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Test
Resistance to two agents, Isoniazid and Rifampin
Multidrug Resistance (MDR TB)
Resistance to isoniazid and Rifampin, in addition to any fluroquinolone, and at least one of three injectable second-line agents.
Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR TB)
In current TB therapy, what are the four first-line medications used?
*Isoniazid
*Rifampin
*Pyrazinamide
*Ethambutol
Treatment phases of pulmonary TB:
Initial Treatment and Continuation phase
The initial treatment phase of TB consists of
Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol plus Vitamin B6 50 mg.
The initial intensive-treatment is give daily for
8 weeks.
The continuation regimen lasts for
4 or 7 months.
Some people develop reactivation TB, this is also called as
Adult-type Progressive TB
Spread or dissemination of TB infection to nonpulmonary sites of the body is known as
Miliary TB
