Ion/Water Balance and Temperature Questions

Question 1

Most animals rely on tissues such as the gills, skin, and kidney to regulate three homeostatic processes. Which of the following is NOT one of those processes?
- endocrine balance
- ionic regulation
- osmotic regulation
- nitrogen excretion

Answer 1

endocrine balance

Question 2

Osmosis is
- the energetically costly movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, from an area with a high activity of water to an area with low activity of water.
- the energetically favorable movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area with a low activity of water to an area with high activity of water.
- the energetically favorable movement of solute across a semipermeable membrane from an area with a low activity of water to an area with high activity of water.
- the energetically favorable movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, from an area with a high activity of water to an area with low activity of water.

Answer 2

the energetically favorable movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, from an area with a high activity of water to an area with low activity of water.

Question 3

Where do humans obtain most of their water?
- condensation reactions
- water trapped in solid food
- drinking water
- metabolic water

Answer 3

drinking water

Question 4

The toxic by-products of amino acid breakdown must be excreted. Which of the following is NOT one of the main forms of nitrogen excretion?
- ammonia
- urea
- uric acid
- pyridine

Answer 4

pyridine

Question 5

Which animal group is NOT considered ammoniotelic?
- agnathans
- aquatic mollusks
- mammals
- chondrichthians

Answer 5

mammals

Question 6

Urea is made in the
- kidney
- spleen
- liver
- bladder

Answer 6

liver

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a process involved in urine formation?
- condensation
- excretion
- filtration
- secretion

Answer 7

condensation

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a part of the nephron structure?
- proximal tubule
- distal tubule
- Bowman’s capsule
- central tubule

Answer 8

central tubule

Question 9

The main ways that the nephron regulates pH of the urine is through all of the following EXCEPT
- HCO3- transport
- ammonia transport
- NaOH transport
- H+ transport

Answer 9

NaOH transport

Question 10

The role of the glomerulus is to
- accept blood from the Bowman’s capsule
- concentrate the urine
- provide blood to the nephron
- establish osmotic gradients in the kidney medulla

Answer 10

provide blood to the nephron

Question 11

The role of the loop of Henle is to produce
- hyperosmotic urine
- isosmotic urine
- hyposmotic urine
- filtered urine

Answer 11

hyperosmotic urine

Question 12

Aldosterone stimulates Na+ absorption and K+ excretion in the kidney. This happens because
- the cell transcribes and translates more ion transporters to be inserted in the membrane
- phosphorylation of existing ion transporters increases their permeability
- preformed ion transporters are translocated to the membrane
- All of the above are possible

Answer 12

the cell transcribes and translates more ion transporters to be inserted in the membrane

Question 13

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, angiotensin II regulates ion and water balance by doing all of the following EXCEPT
- stimulating Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule
- increasing the synthesis and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
- stimulating the synthesis and release of other hormones that affect kidney function
- stimulating vasodilation of postglomerular blood vessels

Answer 13

stimulating vasodilation of postglomerular blood vessels

Question 14

Ion and water regulation in the insect is controlled by the
- malpighian tubule
- kidney
- caecum
- metanephridium

Answer 14

malpighian tubule

Question 15

Compared to kidney structure in marine fish, freshwater fish have
- a more complex glomerulus
- an equally complex glomerulus
- a less complex glomerulus
- no glomerulus

Answer 15

a more complex glomerulus

Question 16

What happens if you drink a large amount of water without ingesting anything salty?
- blood pressure decreases
- urine volume increases
- blood volume remains unaltered
- osmolarity of body fluid increases

Answer 16

urine volume increases

Question 17

The exchange of thermal energy between an animal and its environment can occur by
- radiation
- conduction and convection
- evaporation
- all of the answers

Answer 17

all of the answers

Question 18

According to Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules, brown bears living in temperate regions would be __________ than those living in the arctic.
- larger with shorter limbs
- larger with longer limbs
- smaller with shorter limbs
- smaller with longer limbs

Answer 18

small with longer limbs

Question 19

Which of the following is most synonymous with the term ectotherm?
- poikilotherm
- pseudotherm
- endotherm
- heterotherm

Answer 19

poikilotherm

Question 20

Which of the following animals would be classified as a homeotherm?
- polar fish
- Burmese python
- none of the answers
- marine iguana

Answer 20

polar fish

Question 21

The __________ of a resting homeotherm is the range of ambient temperature where its metabolic rate is minimal.
- optimal temperature range
- thermoneutral zone
- preferred temperature
- idealized thermal region

Answer 21

thermoneutral zone

Question 22

A(n) __________ cannot tolerate a wide ambient temperature range.
- ectotherm
- eurytherm
- poikilotherm
- stenotherm

Answer 22

stenotherm

Question 23

The observation that a given enzyme retains its kinetic properties in different species adapted to different temperature regimes is a phenomenon known as
- homozyme stability
- Q10
- Arrhenius effect
- conservation of Km

Answer 23

conservation of Km

Question 24

During times of thermal stress, heat shock proteins act as
- chaperones to assist in the refolding of proteins
- more than one of the answers
- intercellular cytokine messengers that trigger adaptive responses in adjoining cells
- transcriptional activators that ultimately lead to altered membrane lipids

Answer 24

chaperones to assist in the refolding of proteins