Ion/Water Balance and Temperature Questions Flashcards
Most animals rely on tissues such as the gills, skin, and kidney to regulate three homeostatic processes. Which of the following is NOT one of those processes?
- endocrine balance
- ionic regulation
- osmotic regulation
- nitrogen excretion
endocrine balance
Osmosis is
- the energetically costly movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, from an area with a high activity of water to an area with low activity of water.
- the energetically favorable movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area with a low activity of water to an area with high activity of water.
- the energetically favorable movement of solute across a semipermeable membrane from an area with a low activity of water to an area with high activity of water.
- the energetically favorable movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, from an area with a high activity of water to an area with low activity of water.
the energetically favorable movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, from an area with a high activity of water to an area with low activity of water.
Where do humans obtain most of their water?
- condensation reactions
- water trapped in solid food
- drinking water
- metabolic water
drinking water
The toxic by-products of amino acid breakdown must be excreted. Which of the following is NOT one of the main forms of nitrogen excretion?
- ammonia
- urea
- uric acid
- pyridine
pyridine
Which animal group is NOT considered ammoniotelic?
- agnathans
- aquatic mollusks
- mammals
- chondrichthians
mammals
Urea is made in the
- kidney
- spleen
- liver
- bladder
liver
Which of the following is NOT a process involved in urine formation?
- condensation
- excretion
- filtration
- secretion
condensation
Which of the following is NOT a part of the nephron structure?
- proximal tubule
- distal tubule
- Bowman’s capsule
- central tubule
central tubule
The main ways that the nephron regulates pH of the urine is through all of the following EXCEPT
- HCO3- transport
- ammonia transport
- NaOH transport
- H+ transport
NaOH transport
The role of the glomerulus is to
- accept blood from the Bowman’s capsule
- concentrate the urine
- provide blood to the nephron
- establish osmotic gradients in the kidney medulla
provide blood to the nephron
The role of the loop of Henle is to produce
- hyperosmotic urine
- isosmotic urine
- hyposmotic urine
- filtered urine
hyperosmotic urine
Aldosterone stimulates Na+ absorption and K+ excretion in the kidney. This happens because
- the cell transcribes and translates more ion transporters to be inserted in the membrane
- phosphorylation of existing ion transporters increases their permeability
- preformed ion transporters are translocated to the membrane
- All of the above are possible
the cell transcribes and translates more ion transporters to be inserted in the membrane
In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, angiotensin II regulates ion and water balance by doing all of the following EXCEPT
- stimulating Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule
- increasing the synthesis and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
- stimulating the synthesis and release of other hormones that affect kidney function
- stimulating vasodilation of postglomerular blood vessels
stimulating vasodilation of postglomerular blood vessels
Ion and water regulation in the insect is controlled by the
- malpighian tubule
- kidney
- caecum
- metanephridium
malpighian tubule
Compared to kidney structure in marine fish, freshwater fish have
- a more complex glomerulus
- an equally complex glomerulus
- a less complex glomerulus
- no glomerulus
a more complex glomerulus
What happens if you drink a large amount of water without ingesting anything salty?
- blood pressure decreases
- urine volume increases
- blood volume remains unaltered
- osmolarity of body fluid increases
urine volume increases
The exchange of thermal energy between an animal and its environment can occur by
- radiation
- conduction and convection
- evaporation
- all of the answers
all of the answers
According to Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules, brown bears living in temperate regions would be __________ than those living in the arctic.
- larger with shorter limbs
- larger with longer limbs
- smaller with shorter limbs
- smaller with longer limbs
small with longer limbs
Which of the following is most synonymous with the term ectotherm?
- poikilotherm
- pseudotherm
- endotherm
- heterotherm
poikilotherm
Which of the following animals would be classified as a homeotherm?
- polar fish
- Burmese python
- none of the answers
- marine iguana
polar fish
The __________ of a resting homeotherm is the range of ambient temperature where its metabolic rate is minimal.
- optimal temperature range
- thermoneutral zone
- preferred temperature
- idealized thermal region
thermoneutral zone
A(n) __________ cannot tolerate a wide ambient temperature range.
- ectotherm
- eurytherm
- poikilotherm
- stenotherm
stenotherm
The observation that a given enzyme retains its kinetic properties in different species adapted to different temperature regimes is a phenomenon known as
- homozyme stability
- Q10
- Arrhenius effect
- conservation of Km
conservation of Km
During times of thermal stress, heat shock proteins act as
- chaperones to assist in the refolding of proteins
- more than one of the answers
- intercellular cytokine messengers that trigger adaptive responses in adjoining cells
- transcriptional activators that ultimately lead to altered membrane lipids
chaperones to assist in the refolding of proteins
