Circulatory Questions Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT one of the essential components of a circulatory system?
- a pump
- oxygen
- a system of tubes
- a fluid
oxygen
Which of the following fluids is NOT circulated by the cardiovascular system?
- lymph
- plasma
- hemolymph
- blood
lymph
How many hearts does an octopus have?
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
3
Arthropod hearts share some common features. Which of the following is NOT a feature of all arthropod hearts?
- Hemolymph returns to the heart via holes called ostia.
- Myogenic action potentials lead to contraction.
- The heart fills through forces of suction.
- Hemolymph is pumped out of the heart via arteries.
Myogenic action potentials lead to contraction.
Fish hearts consist of __________ chambers arranged in a series.
- three
- four
- two
- one
four
What type of capillary is normally found in the kidney?
- sinusoidal
- continuous
- paracellular
- fenestrated
fenestrated
Small increases in blood vessel __________ can lead to big decreases in vessel resistance.
- pressure
- radius
- length
- force
radius
Based on the law of bulk flow, what is the unit for “flow”?
- volume
- time
- volume/time
- force/area
volume/time
The vertebrate heart muscle is known as
- epicardium
- endocardium
- pericardium
- myocardium
myocardium
In fishes and amphibians, spongy myocardium receives oxygen from
- coronary arteries
- trachea
- blood in the heart chambers
- pericardial fluid
blood in the heart chambers
In the mammalian heart, the valves open and close because
- changes in chamber pressure cause them to open and close
- all of the answers
- they are under neural control
- they are under myogenic control
changes in chamber pressure cause them to open and close
Which of the following possibilities is incorrect? During the mammalian cardiac cycle, the right ventricle contracts less forcefully than the left because
- the capillary bed offers high resistance
- the blood vessels of the lungs are delicate
- the distance the blood must travel is shorter
- of the low total resistance of the pulmonary circuit
the capillary bed offers high resistance
Cardiac pacemaker cells have an unstable resting membrane potential as the result of an unusual __________ current
- chloride
- calcium
- magnesium
- sodium
sodium
Electrical signals move through the mammalian heart in a particular order. Which order is correct?
- AV node; SA node; internodal pathway; bundle of His; Purkinje fibers
- SA node; AV node; internodal pathway; Purkinje fibers; bundle of His
- bundle of His; Purkinje fibers; internodal pathway; AV node; SA node
- SA node; internodal pathway; AV node; bundle of His; Purkinje fibers
SA node; internodal pathway; AV node; bundle of His; Purkinje fibers
Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and:
- stroke volume
- vasoconstriction
- heart size
- blood pressure
stroke volume
Norepinephrine has the following effect on pacemaker cells
- increased sodium influx
- increased potassium influx
- decreased calcium influx
- increased ATPase activity
increased sodium influx
When there is an immediate requirement for increased oxygen to a particular body tissue in the systemic circuit,
- capillaries will increase in number
- arterioles will dilate in that area
- capillaries will decrease in size
- arterioles will constrict in that area
arterioles will dilate in that area
Total flow in the vertebrate circulatory system can be expressed as the total pressure change divided by
- total length
- total peripheral resistance
- total time
- total volume
total peripheral resistance
Blood volume is maintained by the
- gallbladder
- spleen
- liver
- kidney
kidney
What is hydrostatic pressure?
- pressure exerted by a fluid at rest
- high blood pressure
- resistive forces generated by fluid viscosity
- pressure exerted by a fluid in motion
pressure exerted by a fluid at rest
What is edema?
- accumulation of interstitial fluid in any tissue
- overactivity of the lymphatic system
- a condition of the lungs
- accumulation of interstitial fluid in the blood
accumulation of interstitial fluid in any tissue
Blood pressure at the arterial end of a capillary is __________ when compared with plasma osmotic pressure
- higher
- lower
- none of the other answers
- the same
higher
Plasma osmotic pressure
- decreases substantially with distance along the length of a capillary
- is determined primarily by the protein concentration of plasma
- is a driving pressure for fluid be filtered out of a capillary and into the interstitium
- does not change substantially with distance along the length of a capillary
does not change substantially with distance along the length of a capillary
Which of the following does NOT cause vasodilation?
- decreased oxygen
- increased nitrogen
- increased carbon dioxide
- increased hydrogen
increased nitrogen
Which of the following is not a required component of a circulatory system?
a. A pump or propulsive structure
b. Fluid
c. A system of tubes, channels or spaces
d. None of the above
none of the above
Which of the following is not a type of fluid used in a circulatory system?
a. Blood
b. Hemolymph
c. Cytosol
d. Lymph
cytosol
Which of the following always transports deoxygenated blood?
a. Artery
b. Capillary
c. Vein
d. None of the above
none of the above
Choose the correct answer to fill in the blank: ____ surrounds the heart and is made of
connective tissue.
a. Pericardium
b. Epicardium
c. Endocardium
d. Myocardium
pericardium
Which of these statements is correct regarding the fish heart?
a. Has 3-4 times as much compact myocardium as the human heart
b. Contains spongy myocardium arranged as trabeculae to increase surface area for gas
exchange
c. Contains compact myocardium arranged as trabeculae to increase surface area for gas
exchange
d. None of the above
Contains spongy myocardium arranged as trabeculae to increase surface area for gas
exchange
Which of the following is a typical feature of mammalian and avian hearts?
a. Anastomosis
b. Complete heart separation
c. Bulbus arteriosus
d. 2 circuits-5 chambered hearts
complete heart separation
Which of these statements is incorrect?
a. P wave = atrial depolarization
b. QRS complex = Ventricular depolarization
c. T wave = atrial repolarization
d. P wave = peak atrial blood pressure
T wave = atrial repolarization
The rising phase of a cardiac pacemaker action potential is caused by a __________ current:
a. Potassium
b. Sodium
c. Chloride
d. Calcium
sodium
calcium
How do cardiomyocytes communicate with one another?
a. Neurotransmitters
b. Gap junctions
c. Synapses
d. Tight junctions
gap junctions
Electrical signals move through the mammalian heart in a particular order. Which order is
correct?
a. SA node; internodal pathway; AV node; bundle of His; Purkinje fibers
b. AV node; SA node; internodal pathway; bundle of His; Purkinje fibers
c. SA node; AV node; internodal pathway; Purkinje fibers; bundle of His
d. Bundle of His; Purkinje fibers; internodal pathway; AV node; SA node
SA node; internodal pathway; AV node; bundle of His; Purkinje fibers
What is hydrostatic pressure?
a. Pressure exerted by a fluid at rest
b. Pressure exerted by a fluid in motion
c. Resistive forces generated by fluid viscosity
d. High blood pressure
pressure exerted by fluid at rest
Which of the following is the correct order of layers in an artery from external to internal?
a. Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima, endothelium
b. Tunica externa, endothelium, tunica media, tunica intima
c. endothelium, tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
d. tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima, endothelium
Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima, endothelium
According to Poisseuile’s equation, which of the following parameters has the highest influence
on flow rate for the least amount of change:
a. Pressure
b. Viscosity
c. Radius
d. Length
radius
Obligate air-breathing fish hearts receive:
a. Deoxygenated blood
b. Oxygenated blood
c. A mix of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood
d. Oxygenated blood at rest, deoxygenated blood during exercise
A mix of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood
Which of these statements is incorrect?
a. The left ventricle contracts more forcefully because higher pressures are required to
overcome high resistance in the systemic circuit
b. The right ventricle contracts more forcefully because higher pressures are required to
overcome high resistance in the pulmonary circuit
c. The right ventricle contracts less forcefully because lower pressures are required to
overcome low resistance in the pulmonary circuit
d. Systemic and pulmonary circuits have the same total blood flow
The right ventricle contracts more forcefully because higher pressures are required to
overcome high resistance in the pulmonary circuit
Choose the correct answer to fill in the blanks: The pacemaker is located in the _____ in fish and
located in the _____ in mammals.
a. Sinus venosus, sino-atrial node
b. Sino-atrial node, sinus venosus
c. Atrioventricular node, sinus venosus
d. Sino-atrial node, atrioventricular node
Sinus venosus, sino-atrial node
The most important transporter contributing to the maintenance of the resting membrane
potential is:
a. Na+/K+-ATPase
b. SERCA
c. H+-ATPase
d. Ca2+-ATPase
Na+/K+-ATPase
Among blood vessels, blood velocity in the vertebrate circulatory system is highest in the
__________ where total vessel cross-sectional area is __________.
a. Arteries, approximately equal to the veins
b. Arteries, highest
c. Capillaries, lowest
d. Veins, lowest
Arteries, approximately equal to the veins
With respect to distribution of blood to the tissues, which of these statements is most accurate:
a. Arterioles are arranged in series to allow for tissue specific control and to provide high
resistance
b. Distribution to the tissue is controlled primarily by a complex network of venules
c. Of all the tissues, the heart and brain require perfusion by the greatest percentage of
blood volume to meet their metabolic needs
d. Arterioles are arranged in parallel to allow for tissue specific control and to provide
high resistance
Arterioles are arranged in parallel to allow for tissue specific control and to provide
high resistance
Which of the following signaling molecules causes vasodilation?
a. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
b. Vasopressin (ADH)
c. Angiotensin II
d. None of the above
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
