Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 364 > Ion and Water Balance 5: Kidney Hormones > Flashcards

Ion and Water Balance 5: Kidney Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

what kinds of hormones affect kidney function (2)

A
  • steroid hormones
  • peptide hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

kidney function: steroid hormones (2)

A
  • slow response
  • eg. aldosterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

kidney function: peptide hormones (2)

A
  • rapid response
  • eg. vasopressin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is involved in the regulation of urinary function (2)

A
  • hormones
  • dietary factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what dietary factors affect urinary function (2)

A
  • diuretics
  • antidiuretics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

diuretics

A
  • stimulate excretion of water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

antidiuretics

A
  • reduce excretion of water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what hormones are involved in extrinsic regulation of glomerular filtration rate (3)

A
  • vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)
  • renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) pathway
  • atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what kind of hormone is vasopressin/antidiuretic hormone

A
  • peptide hormone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where is vasopressin/ADH produced/released (2)

A
  • produced in the hypothalamus
  • released by posterior pituitary gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does vasopressin/ADH do (2)

A
  • increases water reabsorption from the collecting duct
  • increases the number of aquaporins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the release of vasopressin/ADH stimulated by (1) and what is it detected by (1)

A
  • increasing plasma osmolarity
  • detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the release of vasopressin/ADG inhibited by (2) and what is it detected by (2)

A
  • alcohol and caffeine
  • increasing blood pressure
  • detected by stretch receptors in atria
  • detected by baroreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the mechanism by which vasopressin increases cell permeability (4)

A
  1. vasopressin binds G-protein-linked receptor
  2. receptor activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP and activating protein kinase A
  3. phosphorylation of cytoskeletal and vesicle proteins occur
  4. triggers translocation of vesicles containing pre-synthesized aquaporins to the cell membrane, with insertion of aquaporins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where does vasopressin/ADH have the largest effect

A
  • stimulates water uptake most in the collecting duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway initiated

A
  • when BP or GFR is lower than normal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how is the RAA pathway initiated

A
  • renin is secreted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe the RAA pathway steps (3)

A
  1. secreted renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
  2. angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) on epithelia of blood vessels converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
  3. angiotensin II causes synthesis and release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

angiotensinogen

A
  • inactive protein in plasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the role of the RAA pathway

A
  • helps regulate blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does the RAA pathway help regulate blood pressure

A
  • angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor
  • aldosterone increases Na+ (and water) retention
22
Q

how does angiotensin II vasoconstriction regulate blood pressure

A
  • raises blood pressure by increasing resistance
23
Q

how does aldosterone increase in Na+ and water retention regulate blood pressure

A
  • raises blood pressure by increasing blood volume
24
Q

where is aldosterone produced in tetrapods

A
  • adrenal cortex
25
Q

what kind of hormone is aldosterone (2)

A
  • mineralcorticoid
  • steroid hormone
26
Q

what cells does aldosterone target (2)

A
  • distal tube cells
  • collecting duct cells
27
Q

aside from the RAA pathway, what can stimulate aldosterone secretion

A
  • increases in circulating K+
28
Q

what does aldosterone do (2)

A
  • stimulates Na+ reabsorption from urine, with water following by osmosis
  • enhances K+ excretion
29
Q

what is the mechanism by which aldosterone stimulates Na+ reabsorption (5)

A
  1. aldosterone enters the cell by diffusion
  2. it binds it its receptor, a transcription factor
  3. activated transcription factor stimulates transcription of transporter genes
  4. new transporter proteins are made in ER and exported in vesicles
  5. vesicles containing proteins are sent to the plasma membrane
30
Q

where is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) produced

A
  • specialized cells within the atria
31
Q

what stimulates ANP secretion

A
  • in response to stretch associated with increase in blood volume
32
Q

what are the main outcomes of ANP secretion (2)

A
  • increases urine output
  • lowers blood pressure and volume
33
Q

what pathways/systems does ANP affect (3)

A
  • RAA pathway
  • GFR
  • vasopressive
34
Q

how does ANP affect the RAA pathway (2)

A
  • acts as an agonist with the RAA pathway
  • increases secretion of Na+ in urine
35
Q

how does ANP affect the GFR (2)

A
  • increases GFR by relaxing contractile cells
  • results in increase of size of filtration slits of glomerulus
36
Q

how does ANP affect vasopressin (2)

A
  • inhibits secretion of vasopressin
  • reduces water reabsorption
37
Q

what will dehydration results in (3)

A
  • ↓ blood volume
  • ↓ blood pressure
  • ↑ plasma osmolarity
38
Q

how does the regulate acid-base balance in the body (2)

A
  • primary regulation by rate of ventilation to alter CO2 levels
  • fine-tuning with kidney
39
Q

how do the kidneys fine-tune acid-base regulation (2)

A
  • control secretion of H+
  • control reabsorption of HCO3-
40
Q

what can the kidneys do if the pH in the body is too low (2)

A
  • increase secretion of H+
  • increase reabsorption of HCO3-
41
Q

how can medicine prevent acute mountain sickness in the kidneys

A
  • limit reabsorption of HCO3-
42
Q

which of the processes in the kidney can be regulated

A
  • all: filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion
43
Q

what is the class of hormones that affect kidney function

A
  • endocrine hormones
44
Q

what other systems does the regulation of urine formation interact with

A
  • cardiovascular function and blood pressure
45
Q

excretory control of homeostasis: increased water intake problem (2)

A
  • increased plasma volume
  • decreased plasma osmolarity
46
Q

excretory control of homeostasis: increased water intake solution (2)

A
  • increased urine volume
  • no change in salt excretion
47
Q

excretory control of homeostasis: increased water intake resolution

A
  • decrease in plasma volume, and homeostasis
48
Q

excretory control of homeostasis: increased salt intake problem (2)

A
  • no change in plasma volume
  • increased plasma osmolarity
49
Q

excretory control of homeostasis:
increased salt intake solution (2)

A
  • no change in urine volume
  • increase in salt excretion
50
Q

excretory control of homeostasis: increased salt intake resolution

A
  • decreased plasma osmolarity, and homeostasis
51
Q

why should we drink gatorade during exercise (3)

A
  • exercise results in water loss and salt loss
  • just drinking water would reduce plasma osmolarity, so water would still leave blood by osmosis
  • low blood volume would result in lesser ability to control body temperature and perform well

BIOL 364 (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions