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Anatomy > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Major parts of the integ. system

A

-cutaenous membrane
-accessory structures

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2
Q

what is the cutaneous membrane and what is its layers

A

-our skin is the cutaenous membrane
-contains the epiderms (superficial)
-the dermis (deep connective tissue)

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3
Q

where are the accessroy strcutres embedded

A

within the dermis to project to the epidermis

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4
Q

what is included in the accessory strcutures

A

-hair, hair follicles, exocrine glands and nails

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5
Q

epidermis has how many layers

A

5

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6
Q

cells of the epiderms are what type

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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7
Q

what do the cells of the epidermis contain a lot of

A

keratin

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8
Q

is the epidermis vasciular or avascular

A

-avascular
-nutrients and oxygen diffuse u[ frpm the dermis

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9
Q

what are the outer layers of the epidermis

A

dead cells

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10
Q

thin and thick skin

A

thin - 4 layers of keratonocytes
thick skin - 5 layers of keratinocytes, only found on palms of hands and soles of feet

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11
Q

layers of the epidermis

A

-corneum
-lucidum
-granulosum
-spinosum
-basale

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12
Q

corneum

A

-exposed
-15-30 layers of keratinzied xells
-lipid layer from sebaceous glands coat the surface to protect it and make it waterporrf

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13
Q

lucidum

A

clear and glassy
-only found in thick skin of palms and soles of feet

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14
Q

granulosum

A

-3-5 layers
-cells have. sto[[ed dividing here
-ce;;s are accumulating keratin

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15
Q

spinosum

A

-8-10 layers
-cells continue to divide
-contains dendritic cellsthat figh mircoroorganism and skin cancers

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16
Q

basale

A

-deepest layer
-interlocks with the dermis
-forms epidermal ridges
-contain basal cells that divide adn move up thorugh the layers
-tactile discs and emlanocytes

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17
Q

dermis

A

-located between epidemris adn SQ layer
-anchors epidermal accessroy structures
-has two components - outer papillary layer and deeper reticular layer

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18
Q

paillary layer of the dermis

A

-consists of areolar tissue
-contains capillaries, lymphatic vessels and sensory neurons
-named for dermal papillae that project between epidermal ridges

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19
Q

reticular layer of the dermis

A

-consists of dense irregular connective tissue
-collagen and elastic fibres
-dermis contains all cells of the connective tissue proper

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20
Q

what is skin turgor

A

-dermal strength and elasticity
-collagen and elastic fibres

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21
Q

collagen fibres of skin turgor

A

-resist stretching
-easily bent and twisted
-limit flexibility to prevent tissue famage

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22
Q

elastic fibers

A

-permit stretching and then recoil to original length
-provide flexibility

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23
Q

tension lines

A

-produced by parallel bundles of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis
-resist forces applied to the skin
-cut made parallel to the tension lines heals better

24
Q

loss of skin turgor is casued by

A

-dehydration
-aging
-hormones
-UV radiation

25
Q

SQ layer lies where

A

-lies deep to the dermis

26
Q

SQ layer connected to

A

-connected to the reticular layer by connective tissue

27
Q

function of SQ layer

A

-stabalizes positiob of the skin

28
Q

where are large arteries and veins in the SQ layer

A

superficial region

29
Q

use what type of needles for SQ

A

-hypodermic needles

30
Q

What is the SQ layer primarily made of

A

adipose tissue

31
Q

distribution of SQ fat determined by

A

sex hormones

32
Q

is the SQ LAYER part of the skin

A

no, connects the skin to the body

33
Q

skin colour is determined by

A

melanin
-carotene

34
Q

melanin is stored in

A

intracellular vessicles

35
Q

melanin is produced by

A

melanocytes
-tranferred by ekrtatinocytes

36
Q

melanin function

A

protect from UV radation

37
Q

carotene

A

-accumulated in epidermal cells, deep dermis and SQ layer
-can be converted to Vit A for photoreceptors in the eye and maintanence of epithelia

38
Q

blood flow and skin colour

A

-hemoglobin is bright red when bound to ocygen so when BV dilate from heat skin reddens when BV contract from cold skin pales

39
Q

cyanosis

A

clue tinge from hemoglobin turning dark red when oxygen is release
-may be caused by extreme cold, heart failure, severe asthma

40
Q

jaundice

A

-build up of bile produced by liver
-skin and eyes turn yellow

41
Q

pituitary tumor

A

excess MSH increases production of melanin

42
Q

addisons disease

A

-casues pituiatry to release excess ACTH which hads effect similar to MSH

43
Q

vitiligo

A

loss of melanocytes causing loss of coloir

44
Q

function of hair

A

-protect and insulate
-guard openings from particles and insexts
-serve as sensory receptos

45
Q

hair follicles

A

-extend deep into dermis
-produce non living hairs
-wrapped in a dense conenctive tissue sheath
root hair plexus surrounds the base
-root hair plexus is sensory ners
-arrector pili muscle

46
Q

arrector pilli muscle

A

-involuntary smooth muscle
-contraction causes hair to stand up
-produces goosebumps

47
Q

types of hair

A

-vellus (soft, all over)
-terminal (heavy pugmented, head, eyebrows etc)

48
Q

exocrine glands

A

-sebaceous glands
-sweat glands
-sebaceous follicles

49
Q

sebaceous glands

A

-holocrine glands
-discharge lipid secretion (sebum into hair follicles)

50
Q

sweat glands

A

-apocrine and eccrine

51
Q

sebaceous follicles

A

-large sebaceous glands not associated with hair
-discharge sebum directly onto skin
-located on face, back chest nips and external genatalia

52
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

-armpits, nipples, pubic region
-merocrine secretion
-secretes into hair follcles
-sticky cloudy secretions (Body odour)
-surrounded by myoepithelial cells

53
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

-merocrine
-coiled tubular glands
-widely distrbuted
-water adn salt secretion

54
Q

function of eccrine sweat glands

A

-cooling surface of skin
-ecreting wataer and electrolytes
-providing protection fro enrviornmental hazards

55
Q

nails

A

-protection for fingers and toes
-made of dead cells
-metabolic disorded can change nail strucutre (psorasis causing pitted nails)

Anatomy (10 decks)

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