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Anatomy > Axial Skeleton - facial and cranial bones > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton - facial and cranial bones Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

-bones of the head and trunk
-forms the longitudinal axis of the body

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2
Q

Axial Skeleton components

A

-skull and associated bones
-throacic cage
-verterbral column

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3
Q

how many bones does the axial skeleon have and what are its compnents

A

80
-skull * 8 cranial bones and 24 facial bones)
-bones associated with the skull = 6 auditory ossicles and hyoid bone
-thoracic cage = sternum and 24 ribs
-verterbral column = 24 vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx

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4
Q

functions of the axial skeleton

A

-support and protect organs in the cavity
-provides points of attachement ofr muscles that adjust head and neck and trunk, perform breathing movemnets, stabaize parts of the appendicular skeleton

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5
Q

the skull bones

A

-22
-8 cranial bones form the cranium
-calvaria = skullcap
-enclose cranial cavity containing the brain
-14 facial bones that protect and support entrances to figestive and respiratory tracts

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6
Q

8 cranial bones

A

-occipital
-paritetal (2)
-frontal (1)
-temporal (2)
-sphenoid (1)
-ethmoid (1)

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7
Q

14 facial bones

A

-maxillae (2)
-palatine bones (2)
-nasal bones (2)
-inferior nasal concha (2)
-zygomatic bones (2)
-lacrimal bones (1)
-vomer (1)
-mandible (1)

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8
Q

functions of the deeper facial bones

A

-help separate oral and nasal cavities
-increase surface area of nasal avities
-help form the nasal septum

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9
Q

sutures

A

-immovable joints of the skull
-four major sutures
-lambdoid suture
-coronal suture
-saggital suture
-squamous suture

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10
Q

lambdoid suture

A

-seperates occcipital from pariteal bones
-may contain sutural bones

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11
Q

coronal suture

A

attaches frontal bone to parital bones

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12
Q

saggital suture

A

-between pariteal bones
-from lambdoid suture to coronal suture

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13
Q

squamous sutures

A

-join temporal bones with parietal bones

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14
Q

supra orbital foramen

A

-eyebrow area
-passageway for the supra orbital nerve and supra orbital artery

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15
Q

optic canal

A

-in the eye socket (sphenoid bone)
-for the optic nerve and the opthalamic artery

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16
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

-larger than the optic canal in the eye socket (spehnoid bone)
-for the ocularmotor nerve, trochlear nerve, opthalamic branch of trigemical nerve and abducens nerve

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17
Q

inferior orbital fissure

A

-inferior to the superior orbital fissure
-for the maxillary dividsion of the trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

infra orbital foramen

A

-in the maxilla
-for the infra orbital nerve branch of the maxillary nerve
-also for the infra orbital artery

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19
Q

mental foramen

A

-mandible
-mental nerve branch of the mandibular nerve
-mental vessels

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20
Q

external acoustic meatus

A

-temporal bone
-air in meatus conducts sound to ear drum

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21
Q

carotid canal

A

-internal carotid artery
-temporal bone

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22
Q

foramen magnum

A

-occipital bone
-medulla oblongata
-accessory nerve
-vertebral arteries

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23
Q

optic canal

A

-optic nerve
-opthalamic artery
-sphenoid

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24
Q

carotid canal

A

-internal carotid artery
-temporal bone

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25
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A

-vestibulochcohlear nerve
-internal acoustic artery
-facial nerve

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26
Q

sinuses

A

-within the skull
-air filled
-decrease weight of skull
-lined with meucous membranes, which produce mucus to moiston and clean the air
-serve as resonating chambers in speech production

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27
Q

occipital bone

A

-forms much of posterior and inferior surfaces of cranium
-joints with the parietal, temporal, spehnoid and first cervical vertebrae (atlas)

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28
Q

markings and foramina of the occipital bone

A

-occipital condyles articulate with first vertebra
-foramen magnum connects cranial cavity with vertebral canal
-jugular foramen for internal jugular vein
-hypoglossal canals for hypoglossal nerves

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29
Q

parietal bones

A

-form part of superior and lateral surfaces of cranium
-joints with each other, and with occipital, temporal frontal and sphenoid bones

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30
Q

pariteal bones regions and markings

A

-superior and inferior temporal lines attach to temporalis muscle
-grooves for cranial blood vessels

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31
Q

frontal bones

A

-form anterior part of the cranium and roof of eye sockets
-contain frontal sinuses
-joins with parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, maxillary and zygomatic bones

32
Q

frontal bone regions and markings

A

-forehead
-supraorbital margin (protection of eye)
-glabella (between supra orbital margins)
-lacrimal fossa (for lacrimal gland)
-frontal sinuses

33
Q

frontal bone foramina

A

-supraorbital foramen for blood vessels of eyebrows, eyelids, and frontal sinuses
-supraorbital notch which is a incomplete supraorbital foramen

34
Q

temporal bones

A

-partial lateral walls of cranium and zygomatic arches
-articulate with mandible
-surround and protect internal ear
-attach muscles of jaws and heads
-joints: zygomatic, sphenoid, pariteal, occipital bones and mandibles

35
Q

regions and markings of the temporal bones

A

-squamous part
-zygomatic process
-mandibular fossa
-mastoid process
-sytloid process
-petrous part
-auditory ossicles

36
Q

sqaumous part

A

-marking of the temporal bone
-borders the squamous suture

37
Q

zygomatic process

A

-marking of the temporal bone
-inferior to the squamous part
-articulates with temporal process of zygomatic bone (together forming the zygomatic arch)

38
Q

mandibular fossa

A

-region/marking of the temporal bone
-site of articulartion with mandible

39
Q

mastoid process

A

-region/marking of the temporal bone
-for muscle attachment
-contains mastoid cells that connect to middle ear cavity

40
Q

auditory ossicles

A

-3 bones in tympanic cavity of middle ear
-transfer sound vibrations from tympanic membrane to internal ear

41
Q

temporal bones foramina

A

-carotid canal for internal carotid artery
-external acoustic meatus ends at the tympanic membrane
-stylomastoid foramen for facial nerve
-internal acoustic meatus contains blood vessels and nerves of internal ear and the facial nerve

42
Q

sphenoid bone general functions

A

-forms part of the floor of cranium
-unites cranial and facial bones
-strengthens sides sof the skull
-contains sphenoidal sniuses
-joints: ethmoid and frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal bones, palatine bones, zygomatic bones, maxillae and vomer

43
Q

sphenoid regions and markings

A

-body
-sella turcica
-hypophyseal fossa
-sphenoidal sinuses
-lesser wings
-greater wings
-pterygoid processes

44
Q

body - spehnoid regions and markings

A

-forms central axis of sphenoid

45
Q

sella turcica - sphenoid regions and markings

A

-saddle shaped
-on superior surface of body

46
Q

hypophyseal fossa- sphenoid regions and markings

A

-a depression within the sella turcica
-hold pituitary gland

47
Q

sella turcica - sphenoid regions and markingsings

A

-extend horizontally anterior to sella turcica

48
Q

greater wings- sphenoid regions and markings

A

-extend laterally from the body
-forms parts of the cranial floor and posterior wall orbit
-sphenoidal spine lies at corner of each wing

49
Q

sphenoid foramina - optic canals

A

-for optic nerves

50
Q

ethmoid forms

A

-anteromedial floor of the cranium
-roof of the nasal cavity
-part of the nasal septum and medial orbital wall
-joins: frontal bones, sphenoid, maxillae, nasal, lacrimal, palatine bones, inferior nasal conchae and vomer

51
Q

ethmoidal cells

A

network of sinuses

52
Q

cribiform plate

A

-ethmoid bone
-forms roof of nasal cavity and floor of cranium
-contain cristi galli to attach falx cerebri

53
Q

perpendicular plate

A

-forms part of the nasal septum
-ethmoid bone

54
Q

Maxillae

A

-support upper teeth
-forms inferior orbital rims
-forms lateral margins of external nares
-forms upper jaw and most of hard palate
-contain maxillary sinuses
-joins with frontal bones, ethmoid and with one another
-all other facial bones except mandible

55
Q

maxillae regions and markings

A

-orbital rim (protects eye)
-anterior nasal spine attaches anterior nasal septum
-alveolar process supports upper teeth
-palatine process form most of hard palate
-maxillary sinuses lighten the bone
-nasolacrimal canal protects lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct

56
Q

palatine bones

A

-form posterior portions of hard palate
-contribute to the floors of orbits
-joints with each other maxillae, spehnoid, ethmoid, inferior nasal conchae and vomer

57
Q

Nasal bones

A

-support birdge of nose
-connect to cartilages of distal parts of the nose that extnd to extenral nares
-joins with each other, ethmoid, frontal bone and maxillae

58
Q

vomer

A

-forms inferior portion of the bony nasal septum
-joins with maxillae, sphenoid, ethmoid and palantine bones, cartilaginous part of the nasal septum

59
Q

inferior nasal conchae

A

-slows inhaled air
-creae air turbulence in the nasal cavity
-inrease epithelial surface area to warm and humidify inhaled air
-maxillae, ethmoid, palatine and lacrimal bones

60
Q

zygomatic bones

A

-contribute to rims and lateral walls of orbits
-forms parts of zygomatic arches
-joins with maxillae, spehnoid, frontal and temporal bones

61
Q

zygomatic bone regions and markings

A

-temporal process - meets the zygomatic process of temporal bone

62
Q

zygomatic bone foramina

A

-zygomaticfacial foramen for sensory nerve of the cheek

63
Q

lacrimal bones

A

-smallest facial bones
-forms part of the medial walls of the orbits
-joins with the frontal bone, maxillae, and ethmoid

64
Q

mandible

A

-forms the lower jae
-joins with mandibular fossae of the temporal bone

65
Q

mandible regions and markings

A

-body of the mandible
-alveolar part supports the lower teeth
-mental protruberance attaches facial muscles
-despression on the medial surface for submandibular salivary gland
-mylohyloid line for insertion of the mylohyloid muscle
-ramus ascemding from the angle of the mandible on either side

66
Q

ramus of the mandible regions and markings

A

-condylar process articulates with temporal bone at TMJ
-coronoid process - insertion point for temporalis muscle (closes the jaw)
-mandibular nothc - seperates the condylar and coronoid process

67
Q

hyoid bones

A

-support the larynx, attaches muscles of the larynx and tongue
-joins the stylohyoid ligaments connect lesser horns to styloid processes of temporal bones

68
Q

regions and markings of the hyoid bone

A

-body of the hyoid attaches muscles of the larynz, pharynx and tongue
-greater horns - support the larynx and attaches muscles of the tongue
-lesser horns attach stylohyoid ligaments and support the hyoid and larynx

69
Q

orbits

A

-eye sockets
-seven bones form each (frontal, maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoidal labyrinth, sphenoid, palantine, zygomatic)

70
Q

nasal complex

A

-made up of bones enclosing the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
-frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones make up the superior wall of nasal cavities
-maxillae, lacrimal bones, ethmoid and inferior nasal concahe make up the lateral walls
-maxillae and nasal bones make up the brdige of the nose

71
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

-frontal sinus
-ethmoidal cells
-spehnoidal sius
-maxillary sinus
-air filled chambers connected to nasal cavities that lighten skill bones and contain mucous epithelium that release mucous into the nasal cavities

72
Q

the infant skull

A

-grows rapidly
-large compared to the body
-many ossification centers
-fusion is not complete at birth
-2 frontal, 4 occipiatal and several sphenoid and temporal elements

73
Q

fontanelles

A

-large areas of fibrous connective tissue
-cover unfused sutures in the infact skull
-allow the skull to flex during birth
-the spehnoidal fontanelle and the mastoid fontanelle, the anterior fontanelle and posterior fontanelle

74
Q

sphenoidal fontanelles

A

-at the junction of squamous and coronal sutures

75
Q

mastoid fontanelles

A

at junction of squamous and lamdoid sutures

76
Q

anterior fontanelles

A

-soft spot
-at intersection of frontal, sagitaal and coronal sutures

77
Q

posterior fontanelle

A

-at junction of lambdoid and saggital sutures

Anatomy (10 decks)

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