Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

three types of muscle tissue

A

-skeletal muscle
-cardia
-smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

general description of muscle tissue

A

-specialized for contraction
-skeletal muslces move body by pulling on bones
-cardiac and smooth muscles control movements inside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

common properties of skeletal muscle tissue

A

-excitability
-contractility
-extensibility
-elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

functions of skeletal muscle

A

-movement
-posture and body position
-supporting soft tissues
-guarding body entrances ande xits
-maintaing body temperature
-storing nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

skeletal muscle contains

A

-skeletal muscle tissue
-connective tisssue
-blood vessels
-nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

three layers of connective tissues of skeletal muscle

A

-epimysium
-perimysium
-endomysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

levels of functional organization in a skeletal muscle tissue

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

epimysium

A

-layer of collagen fibers that surrounds the muscle
-connected to deep fascia
-seperates muscle from surrounding tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

perimysium

A

-surrounds muscle fiber bundles (fascicles)
-contains: collagen fibers, elastic fibres, blood vessels, nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

endomysium

A

-surrounds individual muscle cells
-contains: capillaru networks myosatellite cells that can repair damage, nerve fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

collagen fibers of epimysium, perimysium and endomysium come together

A

-at ends of muscles to form tendon or aponeurosis
-to attach skeletal muscles to bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

skeletal muscle overview

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

muscle fascicile overview

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

vacular networks of skeletal muscle

A

-deliver oxygen and nutrients
-remove metabolic wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when does the skeletal muscle contract

A

-when stimulated by CNS
-voluntary muscles
-diaphragm works subconsciously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

muscle fibre overview

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

general characteristics of skeletal muscle fibres

A

-enourmous compared to other cells
-contain hundreds of nuclei
-develop by fusion of embryonic cells (myoblasts)
-also known as striated muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sarcolemma

A

-surrounds sarcoplasma
-change in membrane potentail causing the muscle fibre to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

t-tubules

A

-extend from surface of muscle fibres to deep into sarcoplam
-transmit action poteintial from sarcolemma into cell interior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

-similar to endoplasmic reticulum
-forms chambers attached to t tubules
-storgae of calcium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

myfilaments

A

-thin-actin
-thick- myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sarcomere

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sliding filament theory

A

during contraction
-1. H bands and I bands narrow
2. zones of overlap widen
3. Z lines move closer together
4. width of A band remains constant
thus thin filaments must slide toward center of sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

free ends and shortening during contraction

A

-when both ends are free to move the ends of a contracting muscle fibre move toward the center of the muscle fibre
-when one end of a myfibril is fixed in position the free end is pulled toward the fixed end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

control of skeletal muscle activity

A
  1. cytoplasm of the axon terminal contains vesicles filled with molecules of Ach
    2.stimulus for ACh release is the arrival of an electrical impusle or AP.
    3.When the action potential reaches the nuerons acon terminal, permebaility changes in its membrane trigger the exocytosis of ACh into the synaptic cleft. Exocytosis occurs as vesicles fuse with the nuerons plasma membrane
  2. ACh bind to the receptor membrane channels. ACh binding opens the membrane channel on the surface of the motor end plate and sodium rushes in
  3. sudden inrush of soidum ions makes an action potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

length tension relationship

A

tension produced by a muscle fiber relates to the length of the sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

tension production

A

-length tension relationship
-the number of contracting sarcomeres in amuscle fiber is fixed so a muscle fiber is eithe producing tension or relaxed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the amount of tension produced depends on the

A

-number of power stroked performed
-fibers resting length at time of stimulation
-frequency of stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

force

A

maximum amount of tenion produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

endurance

A

-the amount of time an acitvity can be sustained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

fast fibres

A

-majority of skeletal msucle fibres
-contract very quickly
-large diameter
-large glycogen reseves
-few mitochondria
-produce strong contractions but fatigue quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

force and endurface depend on

A

-the types of muscle fibers
-physical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

three types of skeletal muscle fibres

A

-fast fibers
-slow fibres
-intermediate fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

most human muscles are red or white

A

a mixutre of both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

slow fibres

A

-slow to contract and slow to fatigue
-small diameter
-numerous mitochondria
-high oxygen supply from extsnive capillary netowrk
-contain myoglobin that binds oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

intermediate fibres

A

-are mid sized
-little myoglobin
-slower to fatigue than fast fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

white muscles

A

-mostly fast fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

red muscles

A

mostly slow fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

muscle hypertrophy

A

-growht form heavy trianing that causes an increase in the diameter oof muscle fibres number of myofibrils number of mithocochondria and glycogen reserves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

muscle atrophy

A

reduction of muscle size, tone and power due to lack of activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

changes in muscle tissue as we age

A

-skeletal muscle fibres become smaller ind iameter
-skeletal muscles becomes less elastic (fibrosis)
-tolerance for excersize decreases
-ability to recover form muscle inuries decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

muscle fatigue

A

muscles can no longer perform at required level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is muscle fatigue correlated with

A

-depletion of metbaolic resevers
-damage to sarcolemma and sarcoplamic reticulum
decline in pH which affect calcium bidnign and laters enzyme activites
-weariness due to low blood pH an dpain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

anaerobic endurance

A

-50 metrer dash, wight lifting
0uses fast fibres and stimulates hypertrophy
-improves by frequent brief intesive workouts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

intercalated discs

A

-specialized connections
-join sarcolemmas of asjacent cardiac muscle cells by gap junctions and desmososmes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

aerobic endurance

A

-prolonged acities
0supported by mitochondria
-does not stimulate muscle hypertrophy
-training involves sustained low levels of activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

improvement of aerobic endurance results from

A

-alterations in the characteristics of muscle fibers
-improvements in cardiovascular performace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

cardiac muscles cells general description

A

-found only in the heart
-have excitable membranes
-striated like skeletal muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

strucutral characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue

A

-small
typically branched with single nucleus
-have short wide T tubules
-have SR with no terminal cisternae
0are almost totally dependnt on aerobic metabolusm
-connect with eachother via intercalated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

functions of intercalated discs

A

-stablizing positiojns of adjacent cells
-maintaining 3D strucutre of tissue
-allowing ions to move from one cells to another so cardiac muscles beat in rythym

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

cardiac muscle tissue photo

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

functional characteristics of caridac muscle tissue

A

-automacity
-nervous system can alter pace and tension of contractions
-contractions last ten times longer than those in skeletal muscle and refractory periods are longer
-wave summation and tetanic contractions are prevented due to special properties of the sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

automacity

A

-contraction without nueral stimulation
-controlled by pacemaker cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

structural characteristics of smooth muscle

A

-long slender spindle shaped cells
-single central nucleus
-no t tubules myofibrils or sarcomeres
-nonstriated
-sscattered thick filaments with many myosin heads
-thin filaments attache to dense bodies
-no tendons or aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

where is smooth muscle tissue found

A

-integ system -arrector pilli muslce
-cardio system - regulated blood pressure and airflow
-dogestive and urinary stsem - form sphincters and move materials
-reproductive system - transports gamtes and expels fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

dense bodeis

A

-conenct adjacent smooth muscle cells transmitting contraction

51
Q

smooth muscle photo

A
52
Q

length tension relationship of smooth muscle

A

-lacks sarcomeres
-tension and resting length are not directly related
-evens tretched smooth muscle can contract (plastciity)

52
Q

functional characterustics of smooth muscle

A

differs from other muscle tissue in
-excitation - ocntraction coupling
-length tension relationship
-control of contractions
-smooth muscle tone

53
Q

excitation-contraction coupling of smooth muscle tissue

A

-free calcium in cytoplasm triggers contraction
-calcium ions bind to cal modulin and acitvates mysoin light chain kinase which allows mysoin head to ac=ttach to actin

54
Q
A
54
Q

visceral smooth muscle cells control of contractions

A

-not connected to motor nuerons
-arranged in sheets of layers
-rhythmic cyles of activity are controlled by pacesetter cells

55
Q

plasticity

A

-the ability to function over a wide range of lengths

55
Q

-multiunit smooth muscle cells control of contractions

A

-innervated motor units
-each cell may be connected to more than one motor nueorn

56
Q
A
56
Q

smooth muscle tone

A

-normal background level of activity
-can be decreased by nueral hormonal or chemical factors

57
Q
A
58
Q
A
59
Q
A
60
Q
A
61
Q
A
61
Q
A
62
Q
A
63
Q
A
64
Q
A
65
Q
A
65
Q
A
66
Q
A
66
Q
A
67
Q
A
67
Q
A
68
Q
A
69
Q
A
69
Q
A
70
Q
A
71
Q
A
71
Q
A
72
Q
A
73
Q
A
74
Q
A
75
Q
A
76
Q
A
77
Q
A
77
Q
A
78
Q
A
79
Q
A
79
Q
A
80
Q
A
81
Q
A
81
Q
A
82
Q
A
83
Q
A
84
Q
A
85
Q
A
86
Q
A
87
Q
A
88
Q
A
88
Q
A
89
Q
A
90
Q
A
90
Q
A
90
Q
A
91
Q
A
91
Q
A
92
Q
A
92
Q
A
93
Q
A
94
Q
A
94
Q
A
94
Q
A
94
Q
A
94
Q
A
95
Q
A
96
Q
A
97
Q
A
98
Q
A
99
Q
A
100
Q
A
101
Q
A
101
Q
A
102
Q
A
103
Q
A
104
Q
A
105
Q
A
106
Q
A
107
Q
A
107
Q
A
107
Q
A

Anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions