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Anatomy > Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicular Skeleton includes and general function

A

-60% of the bones of the body (126)
-allows us to move and manipulate objects
-includes bones of limbs and supporting bone girdles

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2
Q

pectoral girdle

A

-connects each arm to body
-movements position the shoulder joint
-consists of one clavicle and one scapula

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3
Q

where does the pectoral girdle attach to the axial skeleton

A

manubrium of the sternum

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4
Q

clavicles

A

-S shapes
-originate at the manubirum (sternal end)
-articulate with the scapulae (acromial end)

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5
Q

scapulae

A

-broat and flat triangles
-articulate with the humerus and clavicle
-three sides: superior border, medial border, lateral border

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6
Q

what is the anterior surface depression of the scapulae called

A

-subscapular fossa

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7
Q

corners of the scapulae

A

-superior angle
-inferior angle
-lateral angle

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8
Q

what does the lateral angle of the scapulae support

A

-glenoid cavity which articulates with the humerus to form the shoulder joint

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9
Q

scapular processes

A

-coracoid process -small and anterior
-acromion - large and posterior and articulates with clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint
-spine - ridge across the posterior surface

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10
Q

what does the spine of the scapulae divide into

A

-supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa

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11
Q

scapulae anterior view

A
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12
Q

scapulae lateral view

A
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13
Q

scapulae posterior view

A
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14
Q

humerus

A

the only bone in the arm (brachium)
-extends from scapula to elbow

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15
Q

greater tubercle of the humerus

A

-rounded projection on lateral surface
-forms lateral contour of the shoulder

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16
Q

lesser tubercle of the humerus

A

-anterior medial projection
-supported by intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)

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17
Q

head of the humerus

A

-round proximal protion that arituclates with scapula

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18
Q

anatomical neck of the humerus

A

-marjs extent of the joint capsule

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19
Q

surgical neck

A

-corresponds to metaphysis of growing bone

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20
Q

deltoid tuberoisty of the humrus

A

-large rough elevation on lateral surface
-attaches deltoid muscle

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21
Q

radial groove of the humerus

A

-on posterior surface for the radial nerve

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22
Q

medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus

A

-distal expansions for muscle attachment

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23
Q

condyle of the humerus

A

-articulates with the radius and ulna

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24
Q

riadial fossa of the humerus

A

-superior to the capitulum

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25
Q

capitulum of the humerus

A

-forms lateral surface

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26
Q

trochlea of the humerus extends from

A

-extends from coronid fossa to the olecranon fossa

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27
Q

forearm consists of

A

-ulna and radius
-AKA the antebrachium

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28
Q

limit of extension of the ulna and humerus where does the olecranon swing

A

into the olecranon fossa

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29
Q

at the limit of flexion where does the coronoid process swing

A

into the coronoid fossa

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30
Q

ulnar notch

A

-ulna
-at the distal end of the ulna
-artiuclares with the head of the ulna

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31
Q

radial styloid process

A

-lateral surface of the radius
-stabalizes wrist joint

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32
Q

radius

A

-lateral bone of forearm
-disc shaped head of radius above the neck

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33
Q

interosseus membrane

A

-fibrous sheet
-connects lateral margin of ulna to radius

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34
Q

radial notch

A

-articulates with ehad of radius to form proximal radio ulnar joint

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35
Q

head of the ulna

A

-has ulnar styloid process
-attaches to articular disc between forearm and wrist
-articulates with radius to form distal radio-ulnar joint

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36
Q

olecranon

A

-proximal end of ulna
-point of elbow
-forms superior lip of trochlear notch
-trochlear notch artiuclates with trochlea of the humerus

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37
Q

coronoid process of ulna

A

-formes inferior lip of trochlear notch

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38
Q

what do the carpal bones allow

A

wrist to bend and twist

39
Q

phalanges

A

-thumb has two (proximal and distal)
-other fingers have 3 (proximal middle and distal)

40
Q

pelvic girdle

A

-consists of two hip bones also called coxal or pelvic bones
-attaches to lower limbs
-strong for mobility and body weight

41
Q

each hip bone consists of

A

three fused bones: ilium, ischium and pubis

42
Q

acetabulum

A

-socket on lateral surface of each hip bone
-lunate surface articulates with head of femur
-meeting point of ilium, ischium and pubis

43
Q

acetabular notch

A

-a gap in the ridge that forms margins of the acetabulum

44
Q

ilium bone markings important one

A

-iliac crest is the upper brim

45
Q

right hip bone

A
46
Q

ischium bone markings

A

-ichial tuberosity - posterior porjection you sit on

47
Q

right hip bone lateral view

A
48
Q

obturator foramen

A

-space encircled by ischial and pubic rami
-closed by collagen fibres that attach hip muscles

49
Q

pubic symphysis during pregnancy

A

-fibrous cartilage comes apart to accomodate growth -women who are pregnant have seperated pubic bones

50
Q

acetabulum

A

-socket on lateral surface of each hip bones
-lunate surface articulates with head of femur
-meeting point of ileum, ischium and pubis

51
Q

acetabular notch

A

-a gap in the ridge that forms margins of acetabulum

52
Q

pelvis

A

-consists of 2 hip bones, sacrum and coccyx
-stabalized by ligaments of pelvic girdle sacrum and lumbar vertebrae
-protection

53
Q

sacroiliac joints

A

-where auricular surfaces of ilia articulate with the sacrum
-stablaized by ligaments arising at iliac tuberosity

54
Q

pelvis photo anterior

A
55
Q

pelvis photo posterior

A
56
Q

true pelvis

A

inferior to the pelvic brim
-enclosed pelvic inlet

57
Q

false pelvis

A

-superior to the pelvic brim

58
Q

pelvic outlet

A

-opening bounded by coccyx ichial tuberosities and inferior border of pubic symphysis
-fetus passes through during childbirth

59
Q

perineum

A

-surface region bordered by inferior edges of pelvis
-pernieal muscles form floor of the pelvic cavity and support organs in the true pelvis

60
Q

true and false pelvis picture

A
61
Q

comparing male and female pelvis

A
62
Q

comparing male and female skull

A
63
Q

functions of the lower limbs

A

-weight bearing
-movement

64
Q

bones of the lower limbs

A

-femur
-patella
-tibia
-tarsal bones
-metatarsals
-phalanges

65
Q

what is the leg

A

-distal portion of the limb

66
Q

femur

A

-longest heaviest bone in the body
-head (epiphysis)
-neck

67
Q

head of the femur

A

-articulates with hip bone at acetabulum
-attaches with ligament at fovea capitis

68
Q

neck of the femur

A

-join shaft at an angle of about 125 degrees

69
Q

femur photo

A
70
Q

femur bone markings

A

-greater and lesser trochanters
-intertrochanteric line
-intertrochanteric crest
-linea aspera
-medial and lateral epicondyles
-medial and lateral condyles

71
Q

intertrochanteric crest

A

-in posterior surface

71
Q

intertrochanteric lines of the femur

A

-on anterior surface
-marks edge of articular capsule

72
Q

linea aspera

A

-ridge along center of posterior surface of shaft
-attaches hip muscles
-divides into two ridges that continue to epicondyles

73
Q

greater and lesser trocganters of the femur

A

-large rough projections at junction of neck and shaft
-for tendon attachments

74
Q

medial and lateral epicondyles of femur

A

-projections above knee joint

75
Q

medial and lateral condyle of the femur

A

-rounded surface that form part of knee joint
-seperated by intercondylar fossa posteriorly
-seperated by patellar surface anteriorly and inferiorly

76
Q

patella

A

-kneecap
-large sesamoid bone
-forms within tendon of quadriceps
-quadricepts tendon attaches near base
-patellar ligment attaches to apex to tibia

77
Q

what are the tibia and fibia bound together by

A

-interosseus membrane

78
Q

tibia important features

A

-anterior margin - ridge that extends distally from tibial tuberosity
-medial malleolus - medial projection at ankle

79
Q

fibula

A

-smal lateral bone of the leg
-head articulates with the tibia at lateral tibial condyle
-no articulation with femur
-attaches muscles of feet and toes
-lateral malleolus is the lateral projection at the ankle

80
Q

tibia

A

-shin bone
-large medial weight bearing bone of the leg
-medial and lateral tibial condyles articulate with medial and lateral condyles of femur
-tibial tuberosity - on anterior surface and attaches to patellar ligament

81
Q

what are the medial and lateral tibial condyles seperated by

A

-intercondylar eminence

82
Q

talus

A

transfers weight from tibia across trochlea

83
Q

calcaneus bone

A

-largest tarsal bone
-transfers weight from talus to ground
-attaches calcaneal tendon (achilles)

84
Q

cuboid bone

A

-articulates with calcaneus

85
Q

metatarsals

A

-5 long bones of the foot
-numberes 1-5 starting with great toes
-articulate with proximal phalanges

86
Q

bones of the foot

A
87
Q

phalanges of the foot

A

14 bones of the toes
-hallux-great toe has two phalanges
-each of the other toes have three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)

88
Q

longitudinal arch

A

ties calcaneus to distal protions of metatarsals

89
Q

transverse arch

A

-the difference in curvature from one side of foot to the other

90
Q

purpose of the arches of the foot

A

transfers weight from one part of the foot to another

91
Q

what can the skeletal features reveal

A

-muscle strength and mass through bone ridges and mass
-medical history through condition of teeth and healed fractures
-sex and age through bone measurements and fusion
-body size

92
Q

modifications in femal pelvis for childbearing

A

-hormone relaxin produced during pregnancy
-loosens pubic symphysis and sacroiliac ligaments
-increases size of pelvic inlet and outlet

Anatomy (10 decks)

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