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Anatomy > Axial Skeleton - Lower portion (not head) > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton - Lower portion (not head) Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral column

A

-protects the spinal cord
-supports the head and body
-26 bones
-24 vertbrae, the sacrum and the coccyx

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2
Q

spinal curves

A

-cervical curve
-thoracic curve
-lumbar curve
-sacral curve

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3
Q

cervical curve

A

-secondary curve
-develops as the infant learns to balance the wight of its head on the vertebrae of the neck
-7 verterbrae

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4
Q

thoracic curve

A

-a primary curve
-provides room for the throacic organs
-12 vertebrae

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5
Q

lumbar curve

A

-secondary curve
-balances the weight of the trunk over the lower limbs
-this curve develops with the ability to stand
-5 vertebrae

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6
Q

sacral curve

A

-a primary curve
-provides room for variou sabdominopelvic organs

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7
Q

number of vertebrae

A

-seven cervical vertebrae
-12 thoracic vertibar
-5 lumbar vertebrae

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8
Q

major parts of typical vertebrae

A
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9
Q

three parts that each vertebra consists of

A

-vertebral body
-vertebral arch
-articular processes

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10
Q

vertebral body

A

-transfers weight along the spine
-forms anterior margin of each vertebral foramen

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11
Q

vertebral arch

A

-forms posterior margin of each vertebral foramen
-walls are called pedicles
-laminae form roof

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12
Q

articular processes of spine

A

-lateral projections between laminae and pedicles
-spinous process
-transverse process
-superior and inferior articular processes

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13
Q

spinous process

A

posterior projection from where vertebral laminae fuse

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14
Q

transverse processes

A

-projections from where laminae joing pedicles

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15
Q

supeior and inferior articular processes

A

-have articular facets
-for articulations with neigboring vertebrae

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16
Q

intervertebral discs

A

-pads of fibrocartilage
-seperate adjacent vertebral bodies

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17
Q

intervertebral foramina

A

-gaps between pedicles of adjacent vertebrae
-for nerve connections to the spinal cord

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18
Q

vertebral canal

A

-formed by vertebral foramina of successive vertebrae
-encloses the spinal cord

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19
Q

regions of the vertebral column

A

-cervical
-thoracic
-lumbar
-sacral
-coccygeal

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20
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

-c1-c7
-small body
-supports only the head
-large vertbral foramen
-concave superior surface
-anterior edge is inferior to posterior edge
-transverse processes are fused to costal processes and encircle transverse foramina for arteries and veins

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21
Q

whiplash

A

partial or complete dislocation or cervical vertebrae

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22
Q

the atlas

A

-C1
-articulates with occipital condyles of skull
-has no body or spinous process
-has large round vertbral foramen within anterior and posterior arches

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23
Q

the axis

A

C2
-articulates with the atlas
-has heavy spinous process to attach muscles of head and neck
-bodies of axis and atlas fuse during development to form dens

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24
Q

the vertrbae prominens

A

-C7
-transisitons to thoracic vertebrae
-long spinous process with broad tubercle
-has large transverse processes

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25
Q

ligamentum nuchae

A

-elastic ligament which extends from C7 to skull

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26
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

-T1-T12
-heart shaped bodies
larger bodies and smaller vertebral foramina than those in cervical vertebrae
-long slender spinous process

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27
Q

how do the thoracic vertebrae connect with the ribs

A

-costal facets that lie on the dorsolateral surface

28
Q

thoracic vertebrae articulation with ribs

A

-T1-T8 articulate with two pairs of ribs each at superior and inferior costal facets
-T9-T11 articulate with one pair of ribs
-T1-T10 have thick transverse processes with transverse costal facets for rib articulation

29
Q

rib pairs 1-10 contact

A

costal and transverse costal facets

30
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

-largest vertebrae
-thick oval shabed bodies
-no costal facets or transverse costal facets
-triangular vertebral foramen
-superior articular processes face medially
-intferior articular processes project dorsolaterally
-massive spinous processes

31
Q

sacrum and coccyx articulations

A

-L5 articulates with sacrum
-sacrum articulates with the coccyx

32
Q

sacrum

A

-curved more so in males than in females
-protects repro, urinary and digestive organs
-attachs axial skeleton to pelvic girdle and broad muscles that move the thigh
-consists of 5 fused sacral vertebrae
-fusion occurs between puberty and 25-30

33
Q

sacral canal

A

-passageway that extends the length of the sacrum
-contain nerves and membranes

34
Q

medial sacral crest

A

-ridge formed from fused spinous processes
-four pairs of sacral foramina open to either side

35
Q

lateral sacral crest

A

-ridge formed from fused transverse processes
-attaches to muscles of lower back and hip

36
Q

sacral cornua

A

-ridges formed from laminae of 5th sacral vertebra
-laminae do not meet at midline

37
Q

sacral hiatus

A

-opening at inferior end of sacral canal
-bordered by sacral cornua
-covered by connective tissues

38
Q

sacrum articular surface

A

-thick flattened area
-articulated with pelvic girdle forming the sacro-iliac joint

39
Q

sacral tuberosity

A

-roughened area
-attaches ligaments of sacro iliac joint onto bones

40
Q

sacrums apex

A

-narrow infferior portion
-articulates with coccyx

41
Q

base of sacrum

A

-broad superior surface

42
Q

sacral promontory

A

-prominent bulge at anterior tip of base

43
Q

ala of sacrum

A

-A wing on either side of the base
-to attach to muscles

44
Q

mature coccyx

A

-consists of three to five fused coccygeal vertebrae
-attach ligaments and a constricting muscle of the anus
-first two coccygeal vertbare have transverse processes and unfused vertebral arches

45
Q

coccygeal cornu

A

-prominent lamina of first coccygeal vertebrae

46
Q

thoracic cage

A

-the skeleton of the chest
-consists of throacic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilages, and sternum

47
Q

true ribs and false ribs

A
48
Q

functions of thoracic cage

A

-protects organs of the thoracic cavity including the heart lungs and thymus
-provides attachment for muscles involves in breathing, maintaing position of vertebral column and moving pectoral girdles

49
Q

what forms the rib cage

A

-ribs and sternum

50
Q

ribs

A

12 pairs of long curves flat bones
-extending from thoracic vertebrae
0ribs are divided into true ribs and false ribs

51
Q

ribs 1-7

A

-vetebrosternal ribs
-connected to sternum by costal cartilages

52
Q

ribs 8-12

A

-false ribs
-not directly attached to sternum
-vertebrochondral ribs
-costal cartilages fuse together
-merge with cartilages of rib 7
-floating ribs are ribs 11-12 that have no connection with sternum and attached to vertbare and muscles of body

53
Q

rib vertebrae articulation

A
54
Q

typical rib

A
55
Q

head of the rib

A

-capitulum
-at the vetral end of the rib
-has superior and inferior articular facets

56
Q

neck of the rib

A

-short area between head and tubercle

57
Q

tubercle of the rib

A

-small dorsal elevation
-has articular facet that contacts transverse process of T1-T10

58
Q

tubular body

A

-shaft
-attaches muscle of pectoral girdle and trunk
-attaches intercostal mucles that move ribs

59
Q

sternum

A

-manubrium, body, xiphoid process
-flat bone in anterior midline of thoracic wall

60
Q

manubrium

A

-superior portion of the sternum
-broad triangular shape
-articulates with clavicles
-articulates with cartilages of first rib pair
-has jugular notch

61
Q

jugular notch

A

-manubirum
-shallow indenation between clavicular articulation

62
Q

sternal body

A

-tongue shapes
-attaches to manubrium
-attaches to costal cartilages of rib pairs 207

63
Q

xiphoid process

A

-smallest part of the sternum
-attaches to sternal body
-attaches to disphragm and rectus abdominus muscle

64
Q

developing sternal body

A

-4 seperate bones
-fusion not complete until at least age 25 that leaves transverse line

65
Q

xiphoid process

A

-last part of sternum to ossify and fuse
-can be broken easily

Anatomy (23 decks)

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