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Infectious Disease > III: Protozoa > Flashcards

III: Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Define protozoa.

A

Unicellular eukaryote

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2
Q

Describe the life cycle for infectious GI protozoa.

A

Excystation in intestine, replication of trophozoites by binary fission, encystation and excretion in feces

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3
Q

How is Babesia diagnosed? Malatese cross and ring form on blood smear

A

Babesia

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4
Q

How is babesia transmitted?

A

lxodes tick

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5
Q

How is cryptosporidium diagnosed?

A

Oocysts in stool on acid-fast stain

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6
Q

How is cyclospora diagnosed?

A

oocysts on acid-fast stain

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7
Q

How is Leishmania diagnosed?

A

Amastigotes in macrophages

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8
Q

How is Leishmania transmitted?

A

Sandfly bite

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9
Q

How is Toxoplasma diagnosed?

A

Serology, tissue biopsy demonstrating tachyzoites

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10
Q

How is trypanosoma brucei diagnosed?

A

parasite on blood smear, serologic testing

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11
Q

How is trypanosoma brucei transmitted?

A

Tsetse fly

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12
Q

How is trypanosoma cruzi diagnosed in the acute phase?

A

Trypomastigotes/amastigotes in blood or CSF

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13
Q

How is trypanosoma cruzi diagnosed in the chronic phase?

A

Serologic testing

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14
Q

How is trypanosoma cruzi diagnosed in transplant cases?

A

PCR

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15
Q

How is Trypanosoma cruzi transmitted?

A

Feces from a kissing bug

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16
Q

In cryptosporidium ____-walled oocysts are excreted in feces, while ____-walled oocysts cause autoinfection

A

thick; thin

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17
Q

Name two environmental modes of transmission for Toxoplasma gondii.

A

Cat feces, undercooked meats

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18
Q

Plasmodium life cycle: _____ are formed in erythrocytes and undergo further maturation in the mosquito

A

Gametes

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19
Q

Plasmodium life cycle: _____ infect erythrocytes

A

Merozoites

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20
Q

Plasmodium life cycle: ______ are released from the liver following primary infection

A

Merozoites

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21
Q

Plasmodium life cycle: ______ infect hepatocytes

A

Sporozoites

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22
Q

Plasmodium life cycle: asexual phase occurs in _____

A

Humans

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23
Q

Plasmodium life cycle: Mosquitos inject _____ into blood

A

Sporozoites

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24
Q

Plasmodium life cycle: sexual phase occurs in _____

A

mosquitos

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25
Q

What is the infectious form? Cryptosporidia

A

Oocyst

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26
Q

What is the infectious form? Cyclospora

A

Oocyst

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27
Q

What is the infectious form? Entamoeba histolytica

A

Cyst

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28
Q

What is the infectious form? Giardia

A

Cyst

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29
Q

What is the infectious form? Leishmania

A

Promastigote

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30
Q

What is the infectious form? Plasmodium

A

Sporozoite

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31
Q

What is the infectious form? Toxoplasma gondii

A

Oocyst

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32
Q

What is the infectious form? Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Trophozoite

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33
Q

What is the infectious form? Trypanosoma

A

Trypomastigote

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34
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Entabmoeba histolytics

A

cysts in water

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35
Q

What stain should be performed to visualize Entamoeba cysts in fecal samples?

A

Trichrome

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36
Q

Which disease? Achlorhydria, nausea, diarrhea

A

Cyclospora

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37
Q

Which pathogen? Acute phase involves mild symptoms at site of inoculation and Romana’s sign (unilateral perioribtal swelling)

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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38
Q

Which pathogen? Adherence of trophozoites to intestinal epithelium by adhesive disc

A

Giardia

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39
Q

Which pathogen? Bloating, flatulence, steatorrhea, chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, recurrent disease

A

Giardia

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40
Q

Which pathogen? Causes African Sleeping Sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei

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41
Q

Which pathogen? Causes Chagas Disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

42
Q

Which pathogen? Causes CNS infection

A

Toxoplasma, Naegleria, Trypanosoma brucei

43
Q

Which pathogen? Causes flask-shaped intestinal ulcers

A

Entamoeba histolytica

44
Q

Which pathogen? Causes GI infection

A

Giardia, Entamoeba, Cryptosporidium

45
Q

Which pathogen? Causes hematologic infection

A

Plasmodium, Babesia

46
Q

Which pathogen? Causes visceral infection

A

Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania

47
Q

Which pathogen? Chancre at site of painful bite, Stage I Disease: recurrent fever, prominent lymphadenopathy, rash, headache, confusion

A

Trypanosoma brucei

48
Q

Which pathogen? CNS infection transmitted via nasal access

A

Naegleria fowleri

49
Q

Which pathogen? Cold, hot, and sweating stages

A

Plasmodium

50
Q

Which pathogen? Cysts are not affected by chlorination of water

A

Entamoeba, Giardia

51
Q

Which pathogen? Cysts can survive several months in cold water

A

Giardia

52
Q

Which pathogen? Cysts in stool containing up to 4 nuclei

A

Entamoeba histolytica

53
Q

Which pathogen? Cysts reside in human skeletal muscle, myocardium, brain, and eyes

A

Toxoplasma gondii

54
Q

Which pathogen? Diagnosis by CSF microscopic examination

A

Acanthomoeba and Naegleria

55
Q

Which pathogen? Dysentry with possible liver abscess

A

Entamoeba histolytica

56
Q

Which pathogen? Fever and hemolytic anemia, more severe disease in asplenic patients

A

Babesia

57
Q

Which pathogen? Granulomatous amebic encephalitis, especially in immunocompromised patients

A

Acanthomoeba

58
Q

Which pathogen? Headache, altered mental status, focal neurologic deficits, vomiting; progressing to death within ~5 days

A

Naegleria fowleri

59
Q

Which pathogen? Headaches, altered mental status, focal neurologic deficits; progressing to death within weeks

A

Acanthomoeba

60
Q

Which pathogen? Intracellular parasite that can infect any cell; causes congenital disease and disease in immunocompromised patients

A

Toxoplasma gondii

61
Q

Which pathogen? Intracellular parasite that is transmitted fecal-oral via exposure to contaminated water

A

Cryptosporidium

62
Q

Which pathogen? Jaundice, hypotension, fever, hepatosplenomegaly

A

Plasmodium

63
Q

Which pathogen? Keratitis, association with contact lens use and corneal injuries

A

Acanthomoeba

64
Q

Which pathogen? Liver abscess with anchovy paste exudate

A

Entamoeba histolytica

65
Q

Which pathogen? May cause stillborn, miscarriage, chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, hepatosplenomegaly, fever, anemia

A

Toxoplasma gondii

66
Q

Which pathogen? Megacolon, megaesophagus, dilated cardiomyopathy in chronic stage of disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

67
Q

Which pathogen? Most dangerous parasitic disease globally with no known sterile immunity

A

Plasmodium

68
Q

Which pathogen? Oocysts shed in cat feces

A

Toxoplasma gondii

69
Q

Which pathogen? Parasite is endocytosed by macrophages, replicates in macrophages, and infects vectors when they feed

A

Leishmania

70
Q

Which pathogen? Paroxysmal fever

A

Plasmodium

71
Q

Which pathogen? Primary amebic meningoencephalitis, meningeal signs

A

Naegleria fowleri

72
Q

Which pathogen? Recurrent disease due to antigenic variation

A

Trypanosoma brucei

73
Q

Which pathogen? Resides in female lower genital tract and male urethra/seminal vesicles

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

74
Q

Which pathogen? Severe diarrhea in AIDS patients

A

Cryptosporidium

75
Q

Which pathogen? Sexually-transmitted

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

76
Q

Which pathogen? Skin ulcers, destruction of mucus membranes, hepatosplenomegaly, spiking fever, pancytopenia

A

Leishmania

77
Q

Which pathogen? Stage II Disease: convulsions, somnolence, coma, death

A

Trypanosoma brucei

78
Q

Which pathogen? Strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

79
Q

Which pathogen? Transmitted by a kissing bug, predominantly in South America

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

80
Q

Which pathogen? Transmitted by lxodes tick

A

Babesia

81
Q

Which pathogen? Transmitted by sandfly bite

A

Leishmania

82
Q

Which pathogen? Transmitted by Tsetse fly and enters lymphatic system

A

Trypanosoma brucei

83
Q

Which pathogen? Trophozoite rings in RBCs and shizonts containing merozoites

A

Plasmodium

84
Q

Which pathogen? Vaginitis with purulent foul-smelling discharge

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

85
Q

Which pathogen? Watery diarrhea, n/v, abdominal pain, fever

A

Cryptosporidium

86
Q

Which pathogen? Widespread flu-like infection, followed by dormancy, may cause secondary CNS infection

A

Toxoplasma gondii

87
Q

Which plasmodium species? Schizonts containing fewer more than 12 merozoites, ovaloid gametozoites

A

falciparum

88
Q

Which plasmodium species? Schizonts containing more than 12 merozoites, amoeboid gametozoites

A

Vivax

89
Q

Which species of plasmodium? Quartan cycle with 72-hour fever cycle

A

malariae

90
Q

Which species of plasmodium? Severe irregular fever patterns

A

falciparum

91
Q

Which species of plasmodium? Tertian cycle with 48-hour fever cycle

A

vivax, ovale

92
Q

Which type of protozoan? Cryptosporidia

A

Apicomplexa protozoan

93
Q

Which type of protozoan? Cyclospora

A

Apicomplexa protozoan

94
Q

Which type of protozoan? Entamoeba histolytica

A

amoeba

95
Q

Which type of protozoan? Giardia

A

flagellated protozoan

96
Q

Which type of protozoan? Leishmania

A

flagellated protozoan

97
Q

Which type of protozoan? Plasmodium

A

Sporozoan protozoan

98
Q

Which type of protozoan? Toxoplama gondii

A

Apicomplexa protozoan

99
Q

Which type of protozoan? Trichomonas vaginalis

A

flagellated protozoan

100
Q

Which type of protozoan? Trypanosoma

A

flagellated protozoan

Infectious Disease (21 decks)

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