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Infectious Disease > I: Enteric Infections > Flashcards

I: Enteric Infections Flashcards

1
Q

____ cleaves the outer capsid and facilitate Rotavirus uncoating

A

Trypsin

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2
Q

_____ can disseminate from the intestine inside phagocytes

A

Salmonella

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3
Q

_____ can spread from cell to cell in epithelial monolayers

A

Shigella

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4
Q

_____ detoxifies ROS with superoxide dismutase and catalase

A

Salmonella

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5
Q

_____ grows in RBCs and endothelial cells

A

Bartonella

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6
Q

_____ inhibits components of NADPH oxidase.

A

Legionella

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7
Q

______ escapes from phagosomal vacuole to the cytosol

A

Listeria

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8
Q

Cholera toxin activates _______ resulting in ____ secretion.

A

adenylate cyclase; chloride

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9
Q

In ______, a Type III secretion system secretes ______, which causes an attaching and effacing lesion that causes microvillar damage and pedestal formation

A

EPEC; translocated intimin receptor

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10
Q

In ETEC, heat-____ enterotoxin activates adenylate cyclase.

A

labile

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11
Q

In ETEC, heat-____ enterotoxin activates guanylate cyclase.

A

stable

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12
Q

Name 5 obligate intracellular pathogens.

A

Chlamydia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, M. leprae

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13
Q

Name pathogens that have a Type III secretion system

A

EHEC, EPEC, Shigella, Salmonella typhinurium, Non-typhoidal Salmonella

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14
Q

Name the three generations of Rotavirus vaccine.

A

Rotashield, Rotateq, Rotarix

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15
Q

Salmonella contains ___ toxin which has DNAase activity

A

A2B

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16
Q

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island __ is responsible for invasion of M cells.

A

1

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17
Q

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island __ is responsible for uptake by macrophages.

A

2

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18
Q

Treatment? Campylobacter

A

Erythromycin

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19
Q

Treatment? EHEC

A

NONE

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20
Q

Treatment? ETEC

A

Fluorquinolones

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21
Q

Treatment? Non-typhoidal Salmonella

A

Ciprofloxacin in immunocompromised hosts

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22
Q

Treatment? Shigella

A

Ciprofloxacin

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23
Q

Treatment? Typhoid

A

Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone

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24
Q

Treatment? Vibrio cholerae

A

Tetracycline (severe cases)

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25
Q

What are the important proteins in the outer capsid in viral gastroenteritis?

A

VP4, VP7

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26
Q

What is the definition of diarrhea?

A

3 or more watery or loose stools for more than 24 hours

27
Q

What is the genome for Norovirus?

A

ssRNA

28
Q

What is the genome for Rotavirus?

A

dsDNA

29
Q

What is the major group antigen (inner capsid protein) in Rotavirus?

A

VP6

30
Q

What is the major group antigen for Norovirus?

A

VP1

31
Q

Which antigen? Capsular polysaccharide associated with increased virulence

A

K antigen

32
Q

Which antigen? Flagellar protein antigens associated with motile organisms

A

H antigen

33
Q

Which antigen? Repeating unit of polysaccharides important in species identification

A

O antigen

34
Q

Which drug classes concentrate in lysosomes?

A

Aminoglycosides and macrolides

35
Q

Which is the only fusogenic organism (resides in lysosome)?

A

Coxiella burnetii

36
Q

Which pathogen? Abrupt fever, vomiting, explosive watery diarrhea, self-limited with 4-8 day duration

A

Rotavirus

37
Q

Which pathogen? Antibiotics that increase DNA damage stimulate toxin production and should not be given

A

EHEC

38
Q

Which pathogen? Blood in stool with no leukocytes

A

EHEC

39
Q

Which pathogen? Can cause acute renal injury and thrombocytopenia

A

EHEC

40
Q

Which pathogen? Colorless colonies on sorbitol-MacConkey agar

A

EHEC

41
Q

Which pathogen? Curved gram negative rods with gull-wing pattern

A

Campylobacter jejuni

42
Q

Which pathogen? Diarrhea +/- bloody stools, fever, cramps, complications: Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Reiters Syndrome

A

Campylobacter jejuni

43
Q

Which pathogen? Diffuse watery diarrhea with no tissue invasion, up to 15-20L/day

A

Vibrio cholerae

44
Q

Which pathogen? Epidemic dysentery resulting from toxin production

A

Shigella dysenteriae

45
Q

Which pathogen? Foodborne outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis, leading to development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome

A

EHEC

46
Q

Which pathogen? Has a protective capsule

A

Salmonella Typhi

47
Q

Which pathogen? Important cause of diarrhea on cruise ships, in nursing homes, and in hospitals?

A

Norovirus

48
Q

Which pathogen? Inflammatory diarrhea, high fever, 1-3 week incubation

A

Salmonella typhinurium

49
Q

Which pathogen? Leading cause of traveler’s diarrhea

A

ETEC

50
Q

Which pathogen? Most common cause of gastroenteritis in the western world

A

Campylobacter jejuni

51
Q

Which pathogen? Predominantly seen in young infants especially in the developing world

A

EPEC

52
Q

Which pathogen? Self-limiting gastroenteritis with watery diarrhea, fever, and neutrophils

A

Salmonella enteritidis

53
Q

Which pathogen? Shigella strain most notable in the developing world

A

Shigella flexneri

54
Q

Which pathogen? Uses type III secretion systems to enter M cells and induce apoptosis of macrophages and inflammation,

A

Shigella dysenteriae

55
Q

Which pathogen? Watery diarrhea, no blood/pus, abdominal cramps, vomiting, low-grade fever possible

A

ETEC

56
Q

Which pathogen? Watery stools, no blood/mucus, vomiting, low-grade fever common

A

EPEC

57
Q

Which pathogens infect the large intestine to cause inflammatory diarrhea?

A

Shigella, EHEC

58
Q

Which pathogens infects the small intestine?

A

Vibrio, ETEC, Salmonella, Campylobacter

59
Q

Which pathogens? Not part of normal gut flora

A

Shigella, Salmonella, ETEC, Vibrio

60
Q

Which virlulence factor? Surface-expressed adherence factor important for colonization by Vibrio cholerae

A

TCP pilus

61
Q

Which virulence factor? Activator of adenylate cyclase in ETEC.

A

Heat-labile enterotoxin

62
Q

Which virulence factor? Activator of guanylate cyclase in ETEC

A

Heat-stable enterotoxin

63
Q

Which virulence factor? Binds to Gb3 sphingolipids to enter cells and binds rRNA to inhibit protein synthesis in EHEC

A

Shiga-like Toxins 1 and 2 (Stx-1/Stx-2)

64
Q

Which virulence factor? Destabilizes cell membranes, mobilizes calcium to activate transduction pathways, and increases chloride secretion in viral gastroenteritis

A

Enterotoxin NSP4

Infectious Disease (21 decks)

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