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Infectious Disease > I: Staph and Strep > Flashcards

I: Staph and Strep Flashcards

1
Q

____-hemolytic strep: blood agar appears normal

A

Gamma (No)

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2
Q

____-hemolytic strep: clear zone of medium surrounding colonies on blood agar

A

Beta (Complete)

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3
Q

____-hemolytic strep: green coloration of medium surrounding colonies on blood agar.

A

Alpha (Incomplete)

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4
Q

___-antibodies signal previous strep infection.

A

ASO

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5
Q

Acute rheumatic fever typically occurs ____ weeks after infection.

A

2 to 4

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6
Q

ARF or PSGN? Common recurrence with reinfection

A

ARF

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7
Q

ARF or PSGN? Rare in infants, elderly

A

ARF

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8
Q

ARF or PSGN? Summer Predominance

A

PSGN

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9
Q

ARF or PSGN? Winter-Spring Predominance

A

ARF

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10
Q

Group D ______ are resistant to penicillins

A

enterococci

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11
Q

Late GBC infections are frequently caused by type __ GBS.

A

III

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12
Q

Most neonatal GBS infections involve type __ GBS.

A

II

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13
Q

Name 4 extracellular products of group A strep species

A

Streptolysin O, Streptolysin S, Pyrogenic Exotoxins, Spreading Factors

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14
Q

Name 4 lab/radiologic features of necrotizing fasciitis.

A

leukocytosis with right shift, elevated creatine kinase, elevated creatinine, SQ and fascial edema on imaging

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15
Q

Name 4 spreading factors secreted by group A strep species.

A

Hyaluronidase, streptokinase, DNAase, proteinase

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16
Q

Name 5 antigens seen in strep species.

A

M protein, R protein, T protein, Lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), Hyaluronic acid capsule

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17
Q

Name the most common species implicated in bacterial endocarditis

A

viridans strep

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18
Q

Name the most common species implicated in dental caries.

A

Strep mutans

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19
Q

Name the syndromes seen in indivdiuals susceptible to exfoliatins in the newborn, infant, and pediatric age groups.

A

Ritter’s Disease, Scalded Skin Syndrome, Staph scarlet fever

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20
Q

Name the two most common pathogens in cellulitis?

A

Staph aureus, Group A strep

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21
Q

Name two extracellular products of group B strep species

A

Neuraminidase, CAMP factor

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22
Q

PSGN typically occurs ____ weeks after infection.

A

3 to 6

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23
Q

Staphylococci organize in ____.

A

pairs or clusters

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24
Q

Streptococci are gram-____ cocci that are catalase-_____.

A

Positive; Negative

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25
Q

Streptococci organize in ____.

A

chains

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26
Q

What is the gold standard diagnosis for necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Surgical biopsy and exploration

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27
Q

What is the most common cause of acute endocarditis?

A

Staph aureus

28
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis?

A

Group A Strep

29
Q

What is the most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis?

A

Coag-negative staph

30
Q

What is the most common cause of subacute endocarditis?

A

Strep viridans

31
Q

What is the most common etiology of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

32
Q

What virulence factor mediates the pathogenicity of scarlet fever?

A

Pyrogenic Exotoxins

33
Q

Which age group is particularly susceptible to group B strep infection?

A

Newborns

34
Q

Which diagnosis? Erythroderma, organ failure, fever, rash with desquamation, hypotension

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

35
Q

Which diagnosis? Painful erythroderma, Nikolsky sign, bullous impetigo

A

Scalded Skin Syndrome

36
Q

Which extracellular product? Enhance host susceptibility to endotoxin shock, immunosuppressive effects, secreted by group A strep species

A

Pyrogenic Exotoxins

37
Q

Which extracellular product? Oxygen-labile hemolysin seen in group A strep species

A

Streptolysin O

38
Q

Which extracellular product? Oxygen-stabile hemolysin that can be cytotoxic to leukocytes and RBCs

A

Streptolysin S

39
Q

Which infection? Fever, diffuse red rash, coated strawberry tongue

A

Scarlet Fever/Group A strep

40
Q

Which Lancefield Group? Bacitracin-Sensitive and M-antigen

A

A

41
Q

Which Lancefield Group? Bile Esculin Hydrolysis Positive and 6.5% NaCl Tolerance

A

D Enterococcus

42
Q

Which Lancefield Group? Bile-Esculin Hydrolysis Positive

A

D

43
Q

Which Lancefield Group? Capsular polysaccharide

A

Strep pneumoniae

44
Q

Which Lancefield Group? Positive CAMP test

A

B

45
Q

Which of the following media can grow staphylococci? Blood, Chocolate, MacConkey

A

Blood, Chocolate

46
Q

Which sign of endocarditis? Non-tender, flat macular lesions on digits

A

Janeway lesions

47
Q

Which sign of endocarditis? Retinal hemorrhages

A

Roth spots

48
Q

Which sign of endocarditis? Tender, purple raised papules on digits

A

Osler nodes

49
Q

Which skin infection? Irregular border with fever and leukocytosis possible

A

Cellulitis

50
Q

Which skin infection? Pain out of proportion to physical exam, bullae later in progression

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

51
Q

Which skin infection? Well demarcated borders, not usually seen in lower extremities

A

Erysipelas

52
Q

Which skin infections are commonly caused by Group A strep?

A

Impetigo, Cellulitis

53
Q

Which staph aureus virulence factor? Associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

Enterotoxin B and C

54
Q

Which staph aureus virulence factor? Binds Fc receptor to prevent antibody-mediated phagocytosis.

A

Protein A

55
Q

Which staph aureus virulence factor? Binds fibrinogen to convert it to fibrin and prevent phagocytosis

A

Clumping Factor

56
Q

Which staph aureus virulence factor? Binds to glycolipids to cause separation at granular cell layer desmosomes in the skin

A

Exfoliatin A and B

57
Q

Which staph aureus virulence factor? Causes white cell lysis and protects from phagocytosis, causes severe invasive disease

A

Leucocidin

58
Q

Which staph aureus virulence factor? Clots plasma to wall off infection as an abscess

A

Coagulase

59
Q

Which staph aureus virulence factor? Extracellular matrix that cements and protects

A

Slime

60
Q

Which staph aureus virulence factor? Implicated in Scalded Skin Syndrome

A

Exfoliatin A and B

61
Q

Which staph aureus virulence factor? Preformed toxin in food that causes GI disturbance (most common cause of food poisoning)

A

Enterotoxin

62
Q

Which staph aureus virulence factor? Superantigen that stimulates cytokines and causes endothelial leakage

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 (TSST-1)

63
Q

Which staph species is associated with shunt and indwelling line infections?

A

Epidermidis

64
Q

Which staph species is associated with UTI?

A

Saphrophyticus

65
Q

Which strep species displays M protein?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

66
Q

Which type of necrotizing fasciitis? Caused by strep pyogenes in patients of any age with no risk factors

A

II

67
Q

Which type of necrotizing fasciitis? Mixed bacterial infection in patients with risk factors (recent surgery, diabetes, vascular disease)

A

I

Infectious Disease (21 decks)

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