II: Retroviruses Flashcards
Do retroviruses contain an envelope? What is the capsid symmetry?
Yes; Icosahedral
How is HIV diagnosed?
ELISA and confirmatory Western Blot
How is viral load determined in HIV infection?
Quantitative RT-PCR
In AIDS-associated cancers, ______ cancers are increasing in incidence which _____ cancers are decreasing in incidence
AIDS-non-defining; AIDS-defining
Mutation in which receptor is protective against HIV infection?
CCR5
Name the 4 types of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL). Which is most common?
Acute, Chronic, Lymphomatous, Smoldering; Acute
Name the receptors used by HIV for entry into T cells.
CD4R, CXCR4 or CCR5
Name three AIDS-defining cancers.
Kaposi Sarcoma, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Cervical Cancer
Name two diseases associated with HTLV.
Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy (HAM)
What aspect of management makes co-treatment of HIV and AIDS-related cancers challenging?
P450 metabolism interactions
What is appropriate treatment for Candida infection (oral thrush)?
Fluconazole
What is appropriate treatment for pneumocystis pneumonia?
TMP-SMX
What is the DNA structure of retroviruses?
2 copies of ssRNA (linear)
What is the suspected pathogen in the context of chorioretinitis in an immunocompromised patient?
CMV
When is the highest risk of HIV transmission?
During primary infection
Which type of ATL? Few abnormal circulating cells, similar presentation to acute type
Lymphomatous
Which type of ATL? Less of a leukemic phase; median survival 2 years, may progress to acute type
Chronic
Which type of ATL? Median survival >5 years with few abnormal cells peripherally
Smoldering
Which type of ATL? Shortest median survival, susceptibility to opportunistic infections
Acute
Which viral gene encodes reverse transcriptase and integrase?
Pol
Which viral gene encodes the matrix, capsid, and protease?
Gag
