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Infectious Disease > III: Fungal and Parasitic Pharmacology > Flashcards

III: Fungal and Parasitic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Name a first-line treatment for toxoplasma infection

A

Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

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2
Q

Name two agents related to metronidazole.

A

Nitazoxamide, Tinidazole

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3
Q

Name two benzimidazoles.

A

Mebendazole, Albendazole

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4
Q

Which agent? AChR agonist that results in spastic paralysis of worm

A

Pyrantel pamoate

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5
Q

Which agent? Anti-fungal with skin rashes

A

Echinocandins

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6
Q

Which agent? Anti-fungals contraindicated in pregnant women

A

Azoles, Echinocandins

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7
Q

Which agent? Anti-fungals that accumulate in keratin-producing precursor cells

A

Griseofulvin, Terbinafine

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8
Q

Which agent? Anti-fungals with renal excretion

A

Fluconazole, Flucytosine

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9
Q

Which agent? Azole used for cryptococcal and coccidioidal meningitis

A

Fluconazole

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10
Q

Which agent? Benzimidazole agent used for nematode infections and invasive cestode infections

A

Albendazole

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11
Q

Which agent? Benzimidazole agent used for uncomplicated nematode infections

A

Mebendazole

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12
Q

Which agent? Benzimidazole agent with better absorption, requiring metabolism for activation, and excretion in urine

A

Albendazole

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13
Q

Which agent? Benzimidazole agent with poor absorption, metabolism to inactive form, and excretion in bile

A

Mebendazole

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14
Q

Which agent? Bone marrow suppression and reversible hepatotoxicity that necessitates checking transaminase levels

A

Flucytosine

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15
Q

Which agent? Broad spectrum anti-fungal, with use especially for invasive infections, including mucormycoses and cryptococcal meningitis

A

Amphotericin B

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16
Q

Which agent? Calcium ionophore that induces paralysis, detachment, and excretion of worms

A

Praziquantel

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17
Q

Which agent? Collapses proton gradient

A

Atovaquone

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18
Q

Which agent? Component of Chinese herbal remedies that generates reactive oxygen species

A

Artemisinin

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19
Q

Which agent? CYP450 inhibition anti-fungals

A

Azoles

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20
Q

Which agent? DHFR inhibitor that also enhances atovaquone action

A

Proguanil

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21
Q

Which agent? Disrupts fungal mitotic spindle by binding to microtubule binding proteins

A

Griseofulvin

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22
Q

Which agent? Drug interactions with alcohol and disulfiram; may cause headache, neuropathy, hepatic and renal side effects

A

Metronidazole

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23
Q

Which agent? Effective in erythrocytic stage of all species except resistant falciparum

A

Chloroquine

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24
Q

Which agent? Fungicidal activity against candidiasis and fungistatic activity against invasive aspergillosis

A

Echinocandins

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25
Q

Which agent? Generates oxidative stress, enterohepatic circulation

A

Mefloquine

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26
Q

Which agent? Increases levels of digoxin and anticoagulants

A

Quinine

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27
Q

Which agent? Infusion-related toxicity, nephrotoxicity, anemia in most patients

A

Amphotericin B

28
Q

Which agent? Inhibit glucan synthesis

A

Echinocandins

29
Q

Which agent? Inhibits fungal DNA synthesis

A

Flucytosine

30
Q

Which agent? Inhibits fungal squalene oxidase to inhibit fungal ergosterol synthesis

A

Terbinafine

31
Q

Which agent? Inhibits heme polymerization, peroxidase activity, and catalase activity to cause oxidative stress

A

Chloroquine

32
Q

Which agent? Inhibits microtubule formation by binding to beta-tubulin (selective for parasite tubulin) and preventing dimerization

A

Benzimidazoles

33
Q

Which agent? Inhibits parasite feeding and generates oxidative stress

A

Quinine

34
Q

Which agent? Inhibits protein synthesis, use for protozoan infections, minimal oral bioavailability

A

Paromycin

35
Q

Which agent? Inhibits type II topoisomerase and interferes with glucose metabolism

A

Pentamidine

36
Q

Which agent? Interacts with ergosterol to create pores in fungal membranes

A

Amphotericin B (Nystatin)

37
Q

Which agent? IV infusion anti-fungal

A

Amphotericin B, Echinocandins

38
Q

Which agent? Large drug class to inhibit fungal ergosterol synthesis

A

Azoles

39
Q

Which agent? May cause cinchonism, hypotension, hemolysis (G6PD deficiency), and stimulation of pancreatic beta cells

A

Quinine

40
Q

Which agent? May cause CV (hypotension arrhythmias), CNS (confusion, convulsion, coma), or GI complications

A

Chloroquine

41
Q

Which agent? May cause histamine release, hypoglycemia, elevated liver enzymes, impaired renal functiod

A

Pentamidine

42
Q

Which agent? May cause neuropsychiatric disturbances or mild CNS toxicity

A

Mefloquine

43
Q

Which agent? Moderately broad spectrum anti-fungal with action, including mucocutaneous candida and uncomplicated systemic infections

A

Ketoconazole/Itraconazole

44
Q

Which agent? Non-benzidiazole agent used for nematode infections

A

Pyrantel pamoate

45
Q

Which agent? Oral route preferred, reduce dosage after 48 hours

A

Quinine

46
Q

Which agent? Poor oral absorption, accumulates in tissues with very long half-life

A

Pentamidine

47
Q

Which agent? Should be given with Amphotericin B to minimize infusion-related toxicity

A

Acetaminophen or corticosteroids

48
Q

Which agent? Systemic treatment of superficial fungal infections

A

Griseofulvin, Terbinafine

49
Q

Which agent? Targets anaerobes, used for protozoan infections and pseudomembranous colitis

A

Metronidazole

50
Q

Which agent? Targets pyrimidine pathway by inhibiting SAM-decarboxylase

A

Pentamidine

51
Q

Which agent? Terminal half-life of 1-2 months; contraindicated in G6PD deficiency

A

Chloroquine

52
Q

Which agent? Uncertain mechanism of action involving electron transport chain, rapidly develops resistance

A

Primaquine

53
Q

Which agent? Used against plasmodium infections in hepatic latency phase

A

Primaquine

54
Q

Which agent? Used for cestodes and trematodes

A

Praziquantel

55
Q

Which agent? Used for cryptospordiosis in AIDS patients

A

Paromycin

56
Q

Which agent? Used for giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

57
Q

Which agent? Used for MDR falciparum malaria

A

Mefloquine, Artemisinin, Quinine

58
Q

Which agent? Used for MDR falciparum malaria, pneumocystis pneumonia, and toxoplama infection

A

Malarone (Atovaquone/Proguanil)

59
Q

Which agent? Used for mild/luminal amebiasis

A

Paromycin

60
Q

Which agent? Used for pneumocystis pneumonia, West African trypanosomiasis, and visceral leishmania

A

Pentamidine

61
Q

Which agent? Used for prophylaxis for visitors to endemic regions

A

Mefloquine

62
Q

Which agent? Used for severe amebiasis

A

Metronidazole

63
Q

Which agent? Used for treatment of neurocysticercosis

A

Albendazole

64
Q

Which agent? Used for trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole

65
Q

Which agent? Used for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Paromycin

66
Q

Which agent? Used in combination with Amphotericin B, especially for CNS infections

A

Flucytosine

67
Q

Which agent? Very low bioavailability; may cause permanent damage if used in neurocysticercosis cases

A

Praziquantel

Infectious Disease (21 decks)

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