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Infectious Disease > II: Respiratory Infections > Flashcards

II: Respiratory Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosis of pneumonia?

A

CXR

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2
Q

Antigenic ______: point mutations in genes that lead to amino acid changes that modify antigenic sites

A

drift

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3
Q

Antigenic ______: radical change in HA or NA that lead to emergence of new major antigenic variants

A

shift

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4
Q

How do mycoplasma reproduce?

A

Binary fission

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5
Q

How is Legionella transmitted?

A

Contaminated water

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6
Q

Legionella is catalase ____ and oxidase _____.

A

Positive, Positive

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7
Q

Mycoplasma shows _____ morphology for most diseases but instead shows ____ in pneumonia

A

Fried egg appearance; small granular colonies

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8
Q

Name 4 viral pathogens that cause both URIs and LRIs

A

RSV, Adenovirus, Influenza, Parainfluenza

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9
Q

Name 4 viral pathogens that exclusively cause URIs.

A

Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, HSV, EBV

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10
Q

Name an orthomyxovirus.

A

Influenza virus

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11
Q

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in atypical pneumonia (3)

A

Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia

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12
Q

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in children (4)

A

Viruses, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, S. pneumoniae

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13
Q

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in elderly patients (5)

A

S. pneumoniae, Influenza virus, Anaerobes, H. influenzae, GNRs

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14
Q

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in hospital-acquired cases (3)

A

S. aureus, Pseudomonas, GNRs

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15
Q

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in neonates (2)

A

Group B Strep, E. coli

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16
Q

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in older adults (5)

A

S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Anaerobes, Viruses, Mycoplasma

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17
Q

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in young adults (3)

A

Mycoplasma, C. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae

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18
Q

Name the 5 criteria of CURB65.

A

Confusion, Uremia, Elevated RR, BP less than 90 (systolic) or 60 (diastolic), Age over 65

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19
Q

Name the pathogens often responsible for croup.

A

PIV-1, PIV-2, RSV

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20
Q

Name the preferred definitive diagnostic test for Mycoplasma.

A

PCR

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21
Q

Name the treatment: inpatient

A

Macrolide + 3rd Cephalosprin, Fluoroquinolone

22
Q

Name the treatment: outpatients with comorbidities

A

Macrolide + amox/clav, Fluoroquinolone

23
Q

Name the treatment: previously healthy-outpatient

A

Macrolide, Doxycycline

24
Q

Name the two most common causes of typical pneumonia

A

S. pneumoniae (1st), H. influenzae (2nd)

25
Q

Name the vaccine type for measles.

A

Live attenuated

26
Q

Name three complications of measles during pregnancy.

A

Premature labor, spontaneous abortion, low birth weight

27
Q

Name three examples of paramyxovirus.

A

Mumps, Measles, RSV

28
Q

Name three neuraminidase inhibitors.

A

Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, Peramivir

29
Q

Orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus? (-) sense RNA

30
Q

Orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus? Cytoplasmic replication

A

Paramyxovirus

31
Q

Orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus? Enveloped

32
Q

Orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus? Non-segmented genome

A

Paramyxovirus

33
Q

Orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus? Nuclear replication

A

Orthomyxovirus

34
Q

Orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus? Segmented genoma

A

Orthomyxovirus

35
Q

What causes 85% of Legionnaire’s disease globally?

A

Legionella pneumophila, serotype 1

36
Q

What component is lacking in mycoplasma structure compared to other bacteria?

A

Cell wall (no peptidoglycan production)

37
Q

What toxin may be produced by mycoplasma? What is its function?

A

CARD toxin; ADP-ribosylating factor

38
Q

What type of virus is associated with SARS?

A

Coronavirus

39
Q

Which autoantibodies may be seen in the context of mycoplasma infection?

A

Cold hemagglutinins

40
Q

Which disease? Progressive, fatal neurologic disease associated with persistent measles infection

A

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

41
Q

Which factor in mycoplasma is important to attach to cells via the specialized tip structure?

A

Attachment Factor P1

42
Q

Which pathogen grows most effectively on Buffered-Charcoal Yeast Extract (BYCE)?

A

Legionella

43
Q

Which pathogen? Most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among children under 1 year of age

44
Q

Which pathogen? Painful swelling of parotid glands 16-18 days after infection

45
Q

Which pathogen? Red maculopapular rash and Koplik’s spots

46
Q

Which pathology? Acute, self-limited febrile illness caused by Legionella

A

Pontiac Fever

47
Q

Which type of influenza virus? Associated with animal species

48
Q

Which type of influenza virus? Can undergo antigenic shift

49
Q

Which type of influenza virus? Only cause human disease

50
Q

Which type of influenza virus? Targeted by vaccines

Infectious Disease (21 decks)

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