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Infectious Disease > III: Mycology > Flashcards

III: Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 medically important mucorales.

A

Mucor, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor

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2
Q

Name 5 medically important dimorphic fungi.

A

Coccidioides, Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Paracoccidioides, Sporothrix

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3
Q

Name a medically important hyaline mold.

A

Aspergillus

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4
Q

Name three medically important yeasts.

A

Candida, Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus

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5
Q

Positive galactomannan antigen test may be suggestive of which fungus?

A

Aspergillus

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6
Q

What is detected by Cryptococcal antigen test?

A

Polysaccharide capsule proteins

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7
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Acute disease involves mediastinal lymphadenopathy, pericarditis, and pulmonary infection that heals with calcification (shotgun calcifications)

A

Histoplasma

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8
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Allergic symptoms and respiratory fungus balls (halo sign)

A

Aspergillus

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9
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Angioinvasive, causing infarction and necrosis; may diagnose with serial galactomannan antigen tests

A

Aspergillus

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10
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Any antibody titer indicates extrapulmonary disease

A

Coccidioides

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11
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Appear identical to aspergillus on tissue biopsy, colonies turn brown-black with age (pigment on both sides of colony)

A

Dematiaceous

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12
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Associated with asthma and CF; may cause eosinophilia and bronchiectasis

A

Aspergillus

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13
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Associated with DKA, hematologic malignancy, deferoxamine/iron overload, and transplant patients

A

Mucorales

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14
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Broad, ribbon-like, non-septate hyphae with 90-degree branching

A

Mucor

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15
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Capsule is highlighted with India ink staining

A

Cryptococcus

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16
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Causes soap bubble lesions in brain

A

Cryptococcus

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17
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Commensal fungal pathogen

A

Candida albicans

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18
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Creamy colonies; round-oval, thin-walled yeast with polysaccharide capsule

A

Cryptococcus

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19
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Creamy colonies; small, ovoid yeast with frequent budding

A

Candida

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20
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Difficult to differentiate from other fungi on staining; use DNA probe for confirmation

A

Histoplasma

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21
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Distribution globally, especially in South America; soil and decaying vegetation, zoonotic infection from cats/armadillos

A

Sporothrix

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22
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Distribution globally, especially Ohio/Mississippi River valleys in US; soil, bird/bat excreta

A

Histoplasma

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23
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Distribution in Latin America, especially humid mountain forests; also possible dogs/armadillos

A

Paracoccidioides

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24
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Distribution in Ohio/Mississippi river basins, Eastern plains (prairie dogs), Africa

A

Blastomyces

25
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Distribution in SE Asia; soil, many bamboo rats infected

A

Talaromyces marneffei

26
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Distribution in Sonoran desert/SW US, soil

A

Coccidioides

27
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Double-walled yeast with prominent vacuoles and captain’s wheel formation

A

Paracoccidioides

28
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Elevated LDH, ferritin; intacellular yeast in macrophages and epithelioid granulomas on tissue biopsy

A

Histoplasma

29
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Fibrosis +/- destruction of lymphatics

A

Sporothrix

30
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Found in air, soil, decaying vegetables; may produce aflatoxins

A

Aspergillus

31
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Fungal infection most commonly associated with indwelling catheter infection

A

Candida

32
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Inflammtory lung disease, skin papules that become verrucous, bone lesions, GU involvement (prostate abscess), CNS involvement

A

Blastomyces

33
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Intracellular yeast within macrophages; thin, branching septate hyphae with round, thick-walled macroconidia

A

Histoplasma

34
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Invasive disease likely requires surgical intervention

A

Mucorales

35
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Key risk factors include alcohol use, diabetes, HIV, and COPD

A

Sporothrix

36
Q

Which fungal pathogen? May cause caivtary pulmonary lesions similar to TB

A

Aspergillus

37
Q

Which fungal pathogen? May cause cavernous sinus thrombosis and frontal lobe abscess

A

Mucorales

38
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Narrow, septate hyphae with 45-degree branching

A

Aspergillus

39
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Necrotic ulcer on palate progressing to a medical emergency

A

Mucorales

40
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Non-budding yeast with central septum; thin, septate hyphae with “skeleton hands” conidia pattern

A

Talaromyces marneffei

41
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Numerous papular skin lesions; fever, weight loss, anemia in invasive disease

A

Talaromyces marneffei

42
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Positive culture without biopsy is not diagnostic due to high airborne contamination

A

Mucorales

43
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Produces melanin on birdseed agar.

A

Cryptococcus

44
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Pulmonary disease that may extend to involve skin, bone, or meninges

A

Coccidioides

45
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Pulmonary disease, edentulous, and cervical lymphadenopathy

A

Paracoccidioides

46
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Rapid-growing, wooly white colonies that pigment with age

A

Mucorales

47
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Rose-Gardener’s Disease

A

Sporothrix

48
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Sino-orbital disease in a neutropenic patient

A

Aspergillus

49
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Small budding yeast that causes perihilar reticulonodular infiltrates on CXR, associated with HIV

A

Pneumocystis

50
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Spherical-ovoid cigar-shaped yeast; thin, septate hyphae with “daisy” conidiophores

A

Sporothrix

51
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Thick-walled spherule yeast; septate hyaline hyphae with developing arthroconidia

A

Coccidioides

52
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Thick-walled yeast with broad-based budding; white cottony mold with thin hyphae and single conidia (lollipop)

A

Blastomyces

53
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Ulcer with localized lymphangitis and lymphadenopathy

A

Sporothrix

54
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Uses capsule to evade phagocytosis and establish pulmonary disease

A

Cryptococcus

55
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Yeast found in arboreal sources (eucalyptus trees), more recently in the Pacific NW.

A

Crypto gatti

56
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Yeast found in bird and koala excreta, soil

A

Crypto neoformans

57
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Yeast notorious for causing aseptic meningoencephalitis

A

Cryptococcus

58
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Yeast that may cause fever, leukocytosis, skin papules/nodules, endocarditis, endopthalmitis

A

Candida

59
Q

Which fungal pathogen? Zoonotic

A

Sporothrix

Infectious Disease (21 decks)

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