III: Mycology

Question 1

Name 3 medically important mucorales.

Answer 1

Mucor, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor

Question 2

Name 5 medically important dimorphic fungi.

Answer 2

Coccidioides, Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Paracoccidioides, Sporothrix

Question 3

Name a medically important hyaline mold.

Answer 3

Aspergillus

Question 4

Name three medically important yeasts.

Answer 4

Candida, Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus

Question 5

Positive galactomannan antigen test may be suggestive of which fungus?

Answer 5

Aspergillus

Question 6

What is detected by Cryptococcal antigen test?

Answer 6

Polysaccharide capsule proteins

Question 7

Which fungal pathogen? Acute disease involves mediastinal lymphadenopathy, pericarditis, and pulmonary infection that heals with calcification (shotgun calcifications)

Answer 7

Histoplasma

Question 8

Which fungal pathogen? Allergic symptoms and respiratory fungus balls (halo sign)

Answer 8

Aspergillus

Question 9

Which fungal pathogen? Angioinvasive, causing infarction and necrosis; may diagnose with serial galactomannan antigen tests

Answer 9

Aspergillus

Question 10

Which fungal pathogen? Any antibody titer indicates extrapulmonary disease

Answer 10

Coccidioides

Question 11

Which fungal pathogen? Appear identical to aspergillus on tissue biopsy, colonies turn brown-black with age (pigment on both sides of colony)

Answer 11

Dematiaceous

Question 12

Which fungal pathogen? Associated with asthma and CF; may cause eosinophilia and bronchiectasis

Answer 12

Aspergillus

Question 13

Which fungal pathogen? Associated with DKA, hematologic malignancy, deferoxamine/iron overload, and transplant patients

Answer 13

Mucorales

Question 14

Which fungal pathogen? Broad, ribbon-like, non-septate hyphae with 90-degree branching

Answer 14

Mucor

Question 15

Which fungal pathogen? Capsule is highlighted with India ink staining

Answer 15

Cryptococcus

Question 16

Which fungal pathogen? Causes soap bubble lesions in brain

Answer 16

Cryptococcus

Question 17

Which fungal pathogen? Commensal fungal pathogen

Answer 17

Candida albicans

Question 18

Which fungal pathogen? Creamy colonies; round-oval, thin-walled yeast with polysaccharide capsule

Answer 18

Cryptococcus

Question 19

Which fungal pathogen? Creamy colonies; small, ovoid yeast with frequent budding

Answer 19

Candida

Question 20

Which fungal pathogen? Difficult to differentiate from other fungi on staining; use DNA probe for confirmation

Answer 20

Histoplasma

Question 21

Which fungal pathogen? Distribution globally, especially in South America; soil and decaying vegetation, zoonotic infection from cats/armadillos

Answer 21

Sporothrix

Question 22

Which fungal pathogen? Distribution globally, especially Ohio/Mississippi River valleys in US; soil, bird/bat excreta

Answer 22

Histoplasma

Question 23

Which fungal pathogen? Distribution in Latin America, especially humid mountain forests; also possible dogs/armadillos

Answer 23

Paracoccidioides

Question 24

Which fungal pathogen? Distribution in Ohio/Mississippi river basins, Eastern plains (prairie dogs), Africa

Answer 24

Blastomyces

Question 25

Which fungal pathogen? Distribution in SE Asia; soil, many bamboo rats infected

Answer 25

Talaromyces marneffei

Question 26

Which fungal pathogen? Distribution in Sonoran desert/SW US, soil

Answer 26

Coccidioides

Question 27

Which fungal pathogen? Double-walled yeast with prominent vacuoles and captain's wheel formation

Answer 27

Paracoccidioides

Question 28

Which fungal pathogen? Elevated LDH, ferritin; intacellular yeast in macrophages and epithelioid granulomas on tissue biopsy

Answer 28

Histoplasma

Question 29

Which fungal pathogen? Fibrosis +/- destruction of lymphatics

Answer 29

Sporothrix

Question 30

Which fungal pathogen? Found in air, soil, decaying vegetables; may produce aflatoxins

Answer 30

Aspergillus

Question 31

Which fungal pathogen? Fungal infection most commonly associated with indwelling catheter infection

Answer 31

Candida

Question 32

Which fungal pathogen? Inflammtory lung disease, skin papules that become verrucous, bone lesions, GU involvement (prostate abscess), CNS involvement

Answer 32

Blastomyces

Question 33

Which fungal pathogen? Intracellular yeast within macrophages; thin, branching septate hyphae with round, thick-walled macroconidia

Answer 33

Histoplasma

Question 34

Which fungal pathogen? Invasive disease likely requires surgical intervention

Answer 34

Mucorales

Question 35

Which fungal pathogen? Key risk factors include alcohol use, diabetes, HIV, and COPD

Answer 35

Sporothrix

Question 36

Which fungal pathogen? May cause caivtary pulmonary lesions similar to TB

Answer 36

Aspergillus

Question 37

Which fungal pathogen? May cause cavernous sinus thrombosis and frontal lobe abscess

Answer 37

Mucorales

Question 38

Which fungal pathogen? Narrow, septate hyphae with 45-degree branching

Answer 38

Aspergillus

Question 39

Which fungal pathogen? Necrotic ulcer on palate progressing to a medical emergency

Answer 39

Mucorales

Question 40

Which fungal pathogen? Non-budding yeast with central septum; thin, septate hyphae with "skeleton hands" conidia pattern

Answer 40

Talaromyces marneffei

Question 41

Which fungal pathogen? Numerous papular skin lesions; fever, weight loss, anemia in invasive disease

Answer 41

Talaromyces marneffei

Question 42

Which fungal pathogen? Positive culture without biopsy is not diagnostic due to high airborne contamination

Answer 42

Mucorales

Question 43

Which fungal pathogen? Produces melanin on birdseed agar.

Answer 43

Cryptococcus

Question 44

Which fungal pathogen? Pulmonary disease that may extend to involve skin, bone, or meninges

Answer 44

Coccidioides

Question 45

Which fungal pathogen? Pulmonary disease, edentulous, and cervical lymphadenopathy

Answer 45

Paracoccidioides

Question 46

Which fungal pathogen? Rapid-growing, wooly white colonies that pigment with age

Answer 46

Mucorales

Question 47

Which fungal pathogen? Rose-Gardener's Disease

Answer 47

Sporothrix

Question 48

Which fungal pathogen? Sino-orbital disease in a neutropenic patient

Answer 48

Aspergillus

Question 49

Which fungal pathogen? Small budding yeast that causes perihilar reticulonodular infiltrates on CXR, associated with HIV

Answer 49

Pneumocystis

Question 50

Which fungal pathogen? Spherical-ovoid cigar-shaped yeast; thin, septate hyphae with "daisy" conidiophores

Answer 50

Sporothrix

Question 51

Which fungal pathogen? Thick-walled spherule yeast; septate hyaline hyphae with developing arthroconidia

Answer 51

Coccidioides

Question 52

Which fungal pathogen? Thick-walled yeast with broad-based budding; white cottony mold with thin hyphae and single conidia (lollipop)

Answer 52

Blastomyces

Question 53

Which fungal pathogen? Ulcer with localized lymphangitis and lymphadenopathy

Answer 53

Sporothrix

Question 54

Which fungal pathogen? Uses capsule to evade phagocytosis and establish pulmonary disease

Answer 54

Cryptococcus

Question 55

Which fungal pathogen? Yeast found in arboreal sources (eucalyptus trees), more recently in the Pacific NW.

Answer 55

Crypto gatti

Question 56

Which fungal pathogen? Yeast found in bird and koala excreta, soil

Answer 56

Crypto neoformans

Question 57

Which fungal pathogen? Yeast notorious for causing aseptic meningoencephalitis

Answer 57

Cryptococcus

Question 58

Which fungal pathogen? Yeast that may cause fever, leukocytosis, skin papules/nodules, endocarditis, endopthalmitis

Answer 58

Candida

Question 59

Which fungal pathogen? Zoonotic

Answer 59

Sporothrix