III: Mycology Flashcards
Name 3 medically important mucorales.
Mucor, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor
Name 5 medically important dimorphic fungi.
Coccidioides, Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Paracoccidioides, Sporothrix
Name a medically important hyaline mold.
Aspergillus
Name three medically important yeasts.
Candida, Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus
Positive galactomannan antigen test may be suggestive of which fungus?
Aspergillus
What is detected by Cryptococcal antigen test?
Polysaccharide capsule proteins
Which fungal pathogen? Acute disease involves mediastinal lymphadenopathy, pericarditis, and pulmonary infection that heals with calcification (shotgun calcifications)
Histoplasma
Which fungal pathogen? Allergic symptoms and respiratory fungus balls (halo sign)
Aspergillus
Which fungal pathogen? Angioinvasive, causing infarction and necrosis; may diagnose with serial galactomannan antigen tests
Aspergillus
Which fungal pathogen? Any antibody titer indicates extrapulmonary disease
Coccidioides
Which fungal pathogen? Appear identical to aspergillus on tissue biopsy, colonies turn brown-black with age (pigment on both sides of colony)
Dematiaceous
Which fungal pathogen? Associated with asthma and CF; may cause eosinophilia and bronchiectasis
Aspergillus
Which fungal pathogen? Associated with DKA, hematologic malignancy, deferoxamine/iron overload, and transplant patients
Mucorales
Which fungal pathogen? Broad, ribbon-like, non-septate hyphae with 90-degree branching
Mucor
Which fungal pathogen? Capsule is highlighted with India ink staining
Cryptococcus
Which fungal pathogen? Causes soap bubble lesions in brain
Cryptococcus
Which fungal pathogen? Commensal fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
Which fungal pathogen? Creamy colonies; round-oval, thin-walled yeast with polysaccharide capsule
Cryptococcus
Which fungal pathogen? Creamy colonies; small, ovoid yeast with frequent budding
Candida
Which fungal pathogen? Difficult to differentiate from other fungi on staining; use DNA probe for confirmation
Histoplasma
Which fungal pathogen? Distribution globally, especially in South America; soil and decaying vegetation, zoonotic infection from cats/armadillos
Sporothrix
Which fungal pathogen? Distribution globally, especially Ohio/Mississippi River valleys in US; soil, bird/bat excreta
Histoplasma
Which fungal pathogen? Distribution in Latin America, especially humid mountain forests; also possible dogs/armadillos
Paracoccidioides
Which fungal pathogen? Distribution in Ohio/Mississippi river basins, Eastern plains (prairie dogs), Africa
Blastomyces
Which fungal pathogen? Distribution in SE Asia; soil, many bamboo rats infected
Talaromyces marneffei
Which fungal pathogen? Distribution in Sonoran desert/SW US, soil
Coccidioides
Which fungal pathogen? Double-walled yeast with prominent vacuoles and captain’s wheel formation
Paracoccidioides
Which fungal pathogen? Elevated LDH, ferritin; intacellular yeast in macrophages and epithelioid granulomas on tissue biopsy
Histoplasma
Which fungal pathogen? Fibrosis +/- destruction of lymphatics
Sporothrix
Which fungal pathogen? Found in air, soil, decaying vegetables; may produce aflatoxins
Aspergillus
Which fungal pathogen? Fungal infection most commonly associated with indwelling catheter infection
Candida
Which fungal pathogen? Inflammtory lung disease, skin papules that become verrucous, bone lesions, GU involvement (prostate abscess), CNS involvement
Blastomyces
Which fungal pathogen? Intracellular yeast within macrophages; thin, branching septate hyphae with round, thick-walled macroconidia
Histoplasma
Which fungal pathogen? Invasive disease likely requires surgical intervention
Mucorales
Which fungal pathogen? Key risk factors include alcohol use, diabetes, HIV, and COPD
Sporothrix
Which fungal pathogen? May cause caivtary pulmonary lesions similar to TB
Aspergillus
Which fungal pathogen? May cause cavernous sinus thrombosis and frontal lobe abscess
Mucorales
Which fungal pathogen? Narrow, septate hyphae with 45-degree branching
Aspergillus
Which fungal pathogen? Necrotic ulcer on palate progressing to a medical emergency
Mucorales
Which fungal pathogen? Non-budding yeast with central septum; thin, septate hyphae with “skeleton hands” conidia pattern
Talaromyces marneffei
Which fungal pathogen? Numerous papular skin lesions; fever, weight loss, anemia in invasive disease
Talaromyces marneffei
Which fungal pathogen? Positive culture without biopsy is not diagnostic due to high airborne contamination
Mucorales
Which fungal pathogen? Produces melanin on birdseed agar.
Cryptococcus
Which fungal pathogen? Pulmonary disease that may extend to involve skin, bone, or meninges
Coccidioides
Which fungal pathogen? Pulmonary disease, edentulous, and cervical lymphadenopathy
Paracoccidioides
Which fungal pathogen? Rapid-growing, wooly white colonies that pigment with age
Mucorales
Which fungal pathogen? Rose-Gardener’s Disease
Sporothrix
Which fungal pathogen? Sino-orbital disease in a neutropenic patient
Aspergillus
Which fungal pathogen? Small budding yeast that causes perihilar reticulonodular infiltrates on CXR, associated with HIV
Pneumocystis
Which fungal pathogen? Spherical-ovoid cigar-shaped yeast; thin, septate hyphae with “daisy” conidiophores
Sporothrix
Which fungal pathogen? Thick-walled spherule yeast; septate hyaline hyphae with developing arthroconidia
Coccidioides
Which fungal pathogen? Thick-walled yeast with broad-based budding; white cottony mold with thin hyphae and single conidia (lollipop)
Blastomyces
Which fungal pathogen? Ulcer with localized lymphangitis and lymphadenopathy
Sporothrix
Which fungal pathogen? Uses capsule to evade phagocytosis and establish pulmonary disease
Cryptococcus
Which fungal pathogen? Yeast found in arboreal sources (eucalyptus trees), more recently in the Pacific NW.
Crypto gatti
Which fungal pathogen? Yeast found in bird and koala excreta, soil
Crypto neoformans
Which fungal pathogen? Yeast notorious for causing aseptic meningoencephalitis
Cryptococcus
Which fungal pathogen? Yeast that may cause fever, leukocytosis, skin papules/nodules, endocarditis, endopthalmitis
Candida
Which fungal pathogen? Zoonotic
Sporothrix
