II: Mycobacteria

Question 1

____ acetylators may have poorer therapeutic response and are more likely to suffer from hepatotoxicity

Answer 1

Fast

Question 2

____ acetylators require less frequent dosing and are more likely to suffer from neurotoxicity

Answer 2

Slow

Question 3

______: spread of mycobacterium tuberculosis to all organs

Answer 3

Miliary tuberculosis

Question 4

_____: inhibits phagosomal maturation

Answer 4

ManLAM

Question 5

_____: prevents PI3P pathway of lysosome-phagosome fusion

Answer 5

SapM

Question 6

_____: stimulates fusion between phagosomes and early endosomes to ensure continual nutrient supply to phagosome compartment

Answer 6

PIM

Question 7

How is Non-TB mycobacteria transmitted?

Answer 7

Environmental Sources

Question 8

How is TB transmitted?

Answer 8

Droplet nuclei from actively infected person

Question 9

Mycobacteria are gram-_____ and have a cell wall whose dry weight is composed predominantly of _____

Answer 9

Positive; lipids

Question 10

Mycobacteria are identified by the _______ stain which measures _______.

Answer 10

Ziehl-Neelson; acid fastness

Question 11

Name 3 modes of identifying TB.

Answer 11

Acid-fast organisms stained in sputum, liquid culture, solid culture

Question 12

Name the most common presentation of MAC in children.

Answer 12

Cervical lymphadenitis

Question 13

Name the types of infections seen in MAC. (3)

Answer 13

Pulmonary disease, disseminated disease, cervical lymphadenitis

Question 14

Name two physical exam signs of M. leprae.

Answer 14

Hypopigmented anesthetic skin patch, thickened peripheral nerve

Question 15

Tuberculin test is positive _____ weeks after infection

Answer 15

2/10/2016

Question 16

What is the definitive treatment for a Buruli ulcer?

Answer 16

Surgery

Question 17

What is the most sensitive screening test for TB?

Answer 17

Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA)

Question 18

What is the rate of person to person transmission for M. leprae?

Answer 18

1-2%

Question 19

What virulence factor is responsible for a Buruli ulcer?

Answer 19

Mycolactone toxin (induces tissue necrosis)

Question 20

Which antimycobacterial? 2nd line agent

Answer 20

cycloserine, aminosalicylic acid (PAS)

Question 21

Which antimycobacterial? Bactericidal, MOA incompletely understood

Answer 21

Pyrazinamide

Question 22

Which antimycobacterial? Good intracellular activity

Answer 22

Isoniazid, Rifampin

Question 23

Which antimycobacterial? Hyperuricemia, Hepatotoxicity

Answer 23

Pyrazinamide

Question 24

Which antimycobacterial? Inhibits 30S ribosome activity, ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Answer 24

Streptomycin

Question 25

Which antimycobacterial? Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Answer 25

Rifampin

Question 26

Which antimycobacterial? Inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting arabinosyltransferase

Answer 26

Ethambutol

Question 27

Which antimycobacterial? Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids by binding a protein reductase

Answer 27

Isoniazid

Question 28

Which antimycobacterial? Necessitates supplementations with pyridoxine

Answer 28

Isoniazid

Question 29

Which antimycobacterial? Neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, induces P450

Answer 29

Isoniazid

Question 30

Which antimycobacterial? Optic neuritis, hyperuricemia

Answer 30

Ethambutol

Question 31

Which antimycobacterial? Rare hepatotoxicity, red-orange coloring of body fluids, induces P450

Answer 31

Rifampin

Question 32

Which antimycobacterial? Requires KatG for the conversion of the prodrug to the active form

Answer 32

Isoniazid

Question 33

Which antimycobacterial? Used for treatment of leprosy

Answer 33

Rifampin, Dapsone, Clofazimine

Question 34

Which form of leprosy? Active cell-mediated immunity response with few bacteria

Answer 34

Tuberculoid

Question 35

Which form of leprosy? Bacterial growth on nerve sheaths can cause sensory damage

Answer 35

Tuberculoid

Question 36

Which form of leprosy? Better prognosis

Answer 36

Tuberculoid

Question 37

Which form of leprosy? Blotchy red lesions on face, trunk, and extremities with loss of local sensation

Answer 37

Tuberculoid

Question 38

Which form of leprosy? Loss of eyebrows, thickened/enlarged nares/ears/cheeks

Answer 38

Lepromatous

Question 39

Which form of leprosy? Loss of local sensation

Answer 39

Lepromatous

Question 40

Which form of leprosy? Loss of nasal bone and septa

Answer 40

Lepromatous

Question 41

Which form of leprosy? Malignant form in which bacteria are present in high numbers

Answer 41

Lepromatous

Question 42

Which form of leprosy? Strong antibody response with defective cell-mediated immunity

Answer 42

Lepromatous

Question 43

Which pathogen is responsible for a Buruli ulcer?

Answer 43

Mycobacterium ulcerans