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Infectious Disease > II: Zoonoses > Flashcards

II: Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

____ plague: transmission from animal host to humans

A

Zootic

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2
Q

___-zootic: induction into a new susceptible population

A

Epizootic

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3
Q

___-zootic: stable rodent-flea reservoirs

A

Enzootic

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4
Q

Name 3 families of zoonotic pathogens that exhibit limited human to human transmission.

A

Arenaviridae, Filoviriade, Paramyxoviridae

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5
Q

Name 3 viral zoonotic pathogens that do not exhibit human to human transmission under normal conditions

A

West Nile Virus, Rabies, Sin Nombre Virus

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6
Q

Name 4 arboviruses, for which humans are not dead end hosts

A

Dengue virus, Yellow fever virus, Zika virus, some alphaviruses

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7
Q

Name an arbovirus with an available vaccine.

A

Dengue virus

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8
Q

Name the 4 general presentations of arboviral diseases

A

Febrile illness, Neurologic disease, Arthritis, Hemorrhagic Fever

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9
Q

Name the 6 clinical variants of Tularemia

A

Glandular, Ulceroglandular, Oculoglandular, Pharyngeal, Typhoidal, Pulmonary

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10
Q

Name the three clinical variants of Yersinia pestis

A

Bubonic, septicemic, pneumonic

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11
Q

Name the three families of Arboviruses.

A

Bunyaviridae, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae

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12
Q

Name the three most common vectors for arboviruses.

A

Ticks, mosquitoes, biting flies

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13
Q

Name the two clinical variants of rabies

A

Furious/Encephalitic (80%), Paralytic (20%)

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14
Q

Name the two syndromes associated with Dengue virus.

A

Dengue fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever/Dengue Shock Syndrome

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15
Q

Name three possible sequelae in lyme disease

A

Arthritis, neurologic symptoms, carditis

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16
Q

Name two examples of Arenaviridae.

A

Lassa virus, Machupo virus

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17
Q

Name two examples of Filoviridae

A

Marburgvirus, Ebolavirus

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18
Q

Name two non-vector mechanisms of arbovirus transmission

A

Blood transfusion, organ transplant

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19
Q

What is the genome for Arenaviruses?

A

Bisegmented ambisense RNA

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20
Q

What is the genome for Bunyaviridae?

A

Segmented, negative-sense ssRNA

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21
Q

What is the genome for Filoviridae?

A

Negative-sense ssRNA

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22
Q

What is the genome for Flaviviridae?

A

Positive-sense ssRNA

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23
Q

What is the genome for Hantavirus?

A

Segmented, negative-sense ssRNA

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24
Q

What is the genome for Togaviridae?

A

Positive-sense ssRNA

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25
Q

What is the genome of Rabies? Does it contain an envelope?

A

Negative-sense ssRNA; Yes

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26
Q

What is the host for Sin Nombre virus?

A

Deer mouse

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27
Q

What is the most common clinical variant of Tularemia?

A

Ulceroglandular

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28
Q

What is the reservoir for Yersinia pestis?

A

Urban and sylvatic rats

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29
Q

What is the treatment for neurologic lyme disease?

A

3rd cephalosporin

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30
Q

What is the treatment for primary lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline

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31
Q

What is the treatment for Yersinia pestis?

A

Streptomycin

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32
Q

What is the treatment of rickettsia?

A

Doxycycline

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33
Q

What is the typical incubation phase for rabies?

A

1-3 months

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34
Q

What vaccine is available for Rabies?

A

Human Diploid Cell Vaccine (HDCV)

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35
Q

Which arbovirus family has a genome with a Poly A tail?

A

Togaviridae

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36
Q

Which clinical variant of Yersinia pestis classically arises 2-5 days after a flea bite on the extremities

A

Bubonic

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37
Q

Which clinical variant of Yersinia pestis classically arises following ingestion of a large number of organisms

A

Septicemic

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38
Q

Which clinical variant of Yersinia pestis classically arises in the context of transmission between humans

A

Pneumonic

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39
Q

Which is responsible for transmission of Yersinia pestis to humans?

A

Fleas

40
Q

Which of the following has a viable vaccine: Yersinia pestis, francisella tularensis, borellia burgdorferi

A

Yersinia pestis

41
Q

Which pathogen? “Safety pin” morphology

A

Yersinia pestis

42
Q

Which pathogen? Animal reservoirs in white-footed mice, deer, and ticks

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

43
Q

Which pathogen? Antibody-Dependent Enhancement is an important mechanism in pathogenesis

A

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever/Dengue Shock Syndrome

44
Q

Which pathogen? Avian and mosquito hosts; most are asymptomatic; abrupt onset fever/headache/fatigue; rare few have neurologic involvement

A

West Nile Virus

45
Q

Which pathogen? Bullet shaped virion

A

Rabies

46
Q

Which pathogen? Capable of metabolic activity but cease metabolic activity when in free form

A

Rickettsia

47
Q

Which pathogen? Cause of endemic typhus

A

Rickettsia typhi

48
Q

Which pathogen? Caused the plague

A

Yersinia pestis

49
Q

Which pathogen? Causes Brill’s Disease

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

50
Q

Which pathogen? Causes epidemic typhus

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

51
Q

Which pathogen? Causes lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

52
Q

Which pathogen? Causes Rabies

A

Lyssavirus (family Rhabdoviridae)

53
Q

Which pathogen? Causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Rickettsia ricketsii

54
Q

Which pathogen? Causes tularemia

A

Francisella tularensis

55
Q

Which pathogen? Classically associated with rabbits

A

Tularemia

56
Q

Which pathogen? Close contact with infected pigs, respiratory and neurologic symptoms

A

Hendra and Nipah viruses

57
Q

Which pathogen? Completely preventable even following infection

A

Rabies

58
Q

Which pathogen? Difficulty swallowing, hydrophobia, hallucination, hypersalivation

A

Rabies (Furious/Encephalitic Form)

59
Q

Which pathogen? Endemic in skunks, raccoons, foxes, and bats in the US

A

Rabies

60
Q

Which pathogen? Erythema chronicum migrans

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

61
Q

Which pathogen? Erythematous macular rash 1-2 weeks following inoculation, rash spreads from trunk to extremities

A

Rickettsia prowazekii (Epidemic Typhus)

62
Q

Which pathogen? Facultative bipolar staining gram negative bacillus

A

Yersinia pestis

63
Q

Which pathogen? Fever and malaise progressing to n/v, severe prostration, vascular damage, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

A

Arenavirus

64
Q

Which pathogen? Fever, headache, and rash; progress to petechial lesions secondary to thrombosis of small vessels and extravasation

A

Rickettsia

65
Q

Which pathogen? First hantavirus discovered in the US

A

Sin Nombre

66
Q

Which pathogen? Flavivirus transmitted by mosquito vector; associated with microcephaly in neonates

A

Zika virus

67
Q

Which pathogen? Found mostly in the Northern hemisphere with peaks in the summer and December

A

Francisella tularensis

68
Q

Which pathogen? Highly infectious, requiring fewer than 50 organisms on unbroken skin for infection

A

Francisella tularensis

69
Q

Which pathogen? Infection of monocytes and macrophages; leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated LFTs

A

Ehrlichiosis

70
Q

Which pathogen? Intracellular zoonotic pathogen that multiplies in the cytosol

A

Rickettsia

71
Q

Which pathogen? Intracellular zoonotic pathogen that multiplies in the phagosomes

A

Anaplasma, Ehrlichia

72
Q

Which pathogen? Intracellular zoonotic pathogen that targets endothelial cells

A

Rickettsia

73
Q

Which pathogen? Intracellular zoonotic pathogen that targets phagocytes

A

Anaplasma, Ehrlichia

74
Q

Which pathogen? Loosely coiled spirochete, difficult to culture

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

75
Q

Which pathogen? Macular petechial rash starting in extremities and progressing to trunk

A

Rickettsia ricketsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)

76
Q

Which pathogen? May present as pulmonary syndrome or hemorrhagic fever depending on the specific virus

A

Hantavirus

77
Q

Which pathogen? Milder version of epidemic typhus with no rash

A

Rickettsia prowazekii (Brill’s Disease)

78
Q

Which pathogen? Morulae in the cytoplasm of WBCs

A

Ehrlichiosis

79
Q

Which pathogen? Most common arboviral disease in the US; flavivirus

A

West Nile Virus

80
Q

Which pathogen? Most important rickettsial disease in the US

A

Rickettsia ricketsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)

81
Q

Which pathogen? Necrotic ulcer with tender regional lymph nodes

A

Tularemia (Ulceroglandular variant)

82
Q

Which pathogen? Occurs in three stages; fever, arthralgias, arthritis, rash; chronically persistent arthralgia and tenosynovitis

A

Chikungunya virus

83
Q

Which pathogen? Quadriparesis, leads to multiple organ failure and death

A

Rabies (Paralytic Form)

84
Q

Which pathogen? Reservoir deer; transmitted by bite of hard tick

A

Ehrlichiosis

85
Q

Which pathogen? Reservoir deer; transmitted by bite of soft tick

A

Anaplasmosis

86
Q

Which pathogen? Severe pain in legs/back, no productive cough at onset, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, elevated LFTs

A

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

87
Q

Which pathogen? Similar to epidemic typhus, eschar at site of bite

A

Orientia (Scrub typhus)

88
Q

Which pathogen? Small gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria; pairs of rods or single coccobacillus with tapered ends

A

Rickettsia

89
Q

Which pathogen? Small, aerobic, gram-negative coccobacillus

A

Francisella tularensis

90
Q

Which pathogen? Thrombocytopenia, capillary leakage, hepatic damage; progressing to hypovolemic shock

A

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever/Dengue Shock Syndrome

91
Q

Which pathogen? Transmission from lice

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

92
Q

Which pathogen? Transmission from rat flea feces

A

Rickettsia typhi

93
Q

Which pathogen? Transmitted by chigger bite, high incidence during war

A

Orientia (Scrub typhus)

94
Q

Which pathogen? Undergo bacterial phase variation as an imporant virulence mechanism

A

Francisella tularensis

95
Q

Which pathogen? Unexplained bleeding, nonspecific symptoms, joint/muscle aches

A

Ebolavirus

96
Q

Which pathogen? Used as a weapon by the Japanese in WWII

A

Yersinia pestis

Infectious Disease (21 decks)

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