Hyperlipidemias

Question 1

this is an essential component of cell membranes; precursor to sterol and steroid compounds that are made in the body; transported via lipoproteins

Answer 1

cholesterol

Question 2

what is the main storage form of fuel used to generate high energy compounds

Answer 2

triglycerides

Question 3

these are formed in the intestine; they transport dietary lipids from the gut to adipose tissue and the liver

Answer 3

chylomicrons

Question 4

these are secreted by the liver ; they deliver triglycerides to peripheral tissue; transformed into LDLs as triglycerides are removed

Answer 4

VLDLS

Question 5

these transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues for incorporation into cell membranes and steroids; can also deliver cholesterol to artery wall

Answer 5

LDLs

Question 6

these molecules undergo changes by free radicals to form atheromas; contr. to development of atherosclerosis

Answer 6

LDLs

Question 7

these are secreted by the liver and intestine; high ratio of protein to lipid; the lipid comes from chylomicrons and VLDL as well as peripheral tissues; aid delivery of triglycerides to adipose tissue

Answer 7

HDL

Question 8

what are some results of hyperlipidemia

Answer 8

acute pancreatitis ( highly fatal) and atherosclerosis

Question 9

this hyperlipidemia disorder is the leading cause of death for both genders in the US; correlated with high levels of LDL and low levels of HDL;

Answer 9

atherosclerosis

Question 10

T or F: High cholesterol can result from lifestyle or genetic factors

Answer 10

T

Question 11

What is Type I

Answer 11

increased chylomicrons ; no effective drug therapy

Question 12

What is type II a

Answer 12

increased LDL

Question 13

what is type II b

Answer 13

increased VLDL and LDL

Question 14

what is type III

Answer 14

increased IDL

Question 15

What is type IV

Answer 15

increased VLDL

Question 16

what is type V

Answer 16

increased chylomicron and VLDL

Question 17

what is the primary goal for hyperlipidemia

Answer 17

to reduce LDL levels; drug therapy must be continue indefinitely

Question 18

what is the drug tx option for moderate hyperlipidemia

Answer 18

change in diet, exercise, and weight reduction

Question 19

what is the drug tx option or LDL higher than 160

Answer 19

drug therapy; two or more risk factors will be treated aggressively

Question 20

what are the primary modes of tx for elevated triglycerides

Answer 20

diet and exercise

Question 21

what are the most effective meds for elevated triglycerides

Answer 21

niacin and fibric acid derivatives

Question 22

what do the diff tx option drugs do

Answer 22

1. decrease production of the lipoprotein carriers of cholesterol and triglyceride
2. increase the degradation of lipoprotein
   3,. decrease cholesterol absorption or directly increase cholesterol removal

Question 23

this class of drugs inhibits the first committed enzymatic step of cholesterol synthesis ; first line therapy for LDL; bfts include plaque stabilization, improved coronary endothelial fxn, inhibition of platelet thrombus formation, and anti-inflammatory activity

Answer 23

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors

Question 24

what is the precursor of cholesterol

Answer 24

HMG

Question 25

this class of drug is effective in lowering plasma cholesterol levels in all types of hyperlipidemias

Answer 25

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors

Question 26

adverse effects of this class of drugs includes biochemical abnormalities in liver fxn, disintegration of muscle, increases warfarin levels ; CI in pregnancy and nursing mothers

Answer 26

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors

Question 27

this is the most effective agent for increasing HDL levels ; can be used with statins;

Answer 27

niacin

Question 28

this specific drug is useful in the tx of familial hyperlipidemias ; raising HDLs is the common indication for use

Answer 28

niacin

Question 29

adverse effects of this drug include: intense cutaneous flush and feeling of warmth, nausea and abdominal pain, and it inhibits tubular secretion of uric acid

Answer 29

niacin

Question 30

these drugs are used to treat increase triglyceride levels ( mainly type III) ; adverse effects include mild GI prob, gallstones, inflammation of voluntary muscle, compete with warfarin for binding site; CI in pts with severe liver or kidney disease

Answer 30

fibrates

Question 31

drug of choice for Type II A and II B hyperlipidemias

Answer 31

bile acid binding resins

Question 32

which drug is used to relieve pruritis caused by accumulation of bile acids in patients with biliary obstruction

Answer 32

cholestyramine

Question 33

adverse effects of these drugs include; GI probs, impaired absorption of fat soluble vitamins, interfere with intestinal absorption of tetracycline, phenobarbital, digoxin, warfarin, and pravastatin

Answer 33

bile acid binding resins

Question 34

this class of drugs has a very long half life ( 22 hrs); Ci in pts with moderate to severe hepatic insufficiency

Answer 34

cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Question 35

what combo therapy is good for type II hyperlipidemia

Answer 35

niacin with cholestyramine

Question 36

what combo therapy is good for lowering LDL levels

Answer 36

statin with bile acid binding agent

Question 37

what combo therapy is available in one pill

Answer 37

simvastatin/ ezetimibe, and simvastatin/ niacin

Question 38

which two toxicities occur more with combination drugs

Answer 38

liver and muscle