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Pharmacology II > Hyperlipidemias > Flashcards

Hyperlipidemias Flashcards

1
Q

this is an essential component of cell membranes; precursor to sterol and steroid compounds that are made in the body; transported via lipoproteins

A

cholesterol

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2
Q

what is the main storage form of fuel used to generate high energy compounds

A

triglycerides

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3
Q

these are formed in the intestine; they transport dietary lipids from the gut to adipose tissue and the liver

A

chylomicrons

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4
Q

these are secreted by the liver ; they deliver triglycerides to peripheral tissue; transformed into LDLs as triglycerides are removed

A

VLDLS

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5
Q

these transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues for incorporation into cell membranes and steroids; can also deliver cholesterol to artery wall

A

LDLs

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6
Q

these molecules undergo changes by free radicals to form atheromas; contr. to development of atherosclerosis

A

LDLs

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7
Q

these are secreted by the liver and intestine; high ratio of protein to lipid; the lipid comes from chylomicrons and VLDL as well as peripheral tissues; aid delivery of triglycerides to adipose tissue

A

HDL

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8
Q

what are some results of hyperlipidemia

A

acute pancreatitis ( highly fatal) and atherosclerosis

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9
Q

this hyperlipidemia disorder is the leading cause of death for both genders in the US; correlated with high levels of LDL and low levels of HDL;

A

atherosclerosis

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10
Q

T or F: High cholesterol can result from lifestyle or genetic factors

A

T

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11
Q

What is Type I

A

increased chylomicrons ; no effective drug therapy

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12
Q

What is type II a

A

increased LDL

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13
Q

what is type II b

A

increased VLDL and LDL

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14
Q

what is type III

A

increased IDL

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15
Q

What is type IV

A

increased VLDL

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16
Q

what is type V

A

increased chylomicron and VLDL

17
Q

what is the primary goal for hyperlipidemia

A

to reduce LDL levels; drug therapy must be continue indefinitely

18
Q

what is the drug tx option for moderate hyperlipidemia

A

change in diet, exercise, and weight reduction

19
Q

what is the drug tx option or LDL higher than 160

A

drug therapy; two or more risk factors will be treated aggressively

20
Q

what are the primary modes of tx for elevated triglycerides

A

diet and exercise

21
Q

what are the most effective meds for elevated triglycerides

A

niacin and fibric acid derivatives

22
Q

what do the diff tx option drugs do

A
  1. decrease production of the lipoprotein carriers of cholesterol and triglyceride
  2. increase the degradation of lipoprotein
    3,. decrease cholesterol absorption or directly increase cholesterol removal
23
Q

this class of drugs inhibits the first committed enzymatic step of cholesterol synthesis ; first line therapy for LDL; bfts include plaque stabilization, improved coronary endothelial fxn, inhibition of platelet thrombus formation, and anti-inflammatory activity

A

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors

24
Q

what is the precursor of cholesterol

A

HMG

25
Q

this class of drug is effective in lowering plasma cholesterol levels in all types of hyperlipidemias

A

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors

26
Q

adverse effects of this class of drugs includes biochemical abnormalities in liver fxn, disintegration of muscle, increases warfarin levels ; CI in pregnancy and nursing mothers

A

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors

27
Q

this is the most effective agent for increasing HDL levels ; can be used with statins;

A

niacin

28
Q

this specific drug is useful in the tx of familial hyperlipidemias ; raising HDLs is the common indication for use

A

niacin

29
Q

adverse effects of this drug include: intense cutaneous flush and feeling of warmth, nausea and abdominal pain, and it inhibits tubular secretion of uric acid

A

niacin

30
Q

these drugs are used to treat increase triglyceride levels ( mainly type III) ; adverse effects include mild GI prob, gallstones, inflammation of voluntary muscle, compete with warfarin for binding site; CI in pts with severe liver or kidney disease

A

fibrates

31
Q

drug of choice for Type II A and II B hyperlipidemias

A

bile acid binding resins

32
Q

which drug is used to relieve pruritis caused by accumulation of bile acids in patients with biliary obstruction

A

cholestyramine

33
Q

adverse effects of these drugs include; GI probs, impaired absorption of fat soluble vitamins, interfere with intestinal absorption of tetracycline, phenobarbital, digoxin, warfarin, and pravastatin

A

bile acid binding resins

34
Q

this class of drugs has a very long half life ( 22 hrs); Ci in pts with moderate to severe hepatic insufficiency

A

cholesterol absorption inhibitor

35
Q

what combo therapy is good for type II hyperlipidemia

A

niacin with cholestyramine

36
Q

what combo therapy is good for lowering LDL levels

A

statin with bile acid binding agent

37
Q

what combo therapy is available in one pill

A

simvastatin/ ezetimibe, and simvastatin/ niacin

38
Q

which two toxicities occur more with combination drugs

A

liver and muscle

Pharmacology II (31 decks)

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