Hyperlipidemias Flashcards
this is an essential component of cell membranes; precursor to sterol and steroid compounds that are made in the body; transported via lipoproteins
cholesterol
what is the main storage form of fuel used to generate high energy compounds
triglycerides
these are formed in the intestine; they transport dietary lipids from the gut to adipose tissue and the liver
chylomicrons
these are secreted by the liver ; they deliver triglycerides to peripheral tissue; transformed into LDLs as triglycerides are removed
VLDLS
these transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues for incorporation into cell membranes and steroids; can also deliver cholesterol to artery wall
LDLs
these molecules undergo changes by free radicals to form atheromas; contr. to development of atherosclerosis
LDLs
these are secreted by the liver and intestine; high ratio of protein to lipid; the lipid comes from chylomicrons and VLDL as well as peripheral tissues; aid delivery of triglycerides to adipose tissue
HDL
what are some results of hyperlipidemia
acute pancreatitis ( highly fatal) and atherosclerosis
this hyperlipidemia disorder is the leading cause of death for both genders in the US; correlated with high levels of LDL and low levels of HDL;
atherosclerosis
T or F: High cholesterol can result from lifestyle or genetic factors
T
What is Type I
increased chylomicrons ; no effective drug therapy
What is type II a
increased LDL
what is type II b
increased VLDL and LDL
what is type III
increased IDL
What is type IV
increased VLDL
what is type V
increased chylomicron and VLDL
what is the primary goal for hyperlipidemia
to reduce LDL levels; drug therapy must be continue indefinitely
what is the drug tx option for moderate hyperlipidemia
change in diet, exercise, and weight reduction
what is the drug tx option or LDL higher than 160
drug therapy; two or more risk factors will be treated aggressively
what are the primary modes of tx for elevated triglycerides
diet and exercise
what are the most effective meds for elevated triglycerides
niacin and fibric acid derivatives
what do the diff tx option drugs do
- decrease production of the lipoprotein carriers of cholesterol and triglyceride
- increase the degradation of lipoprotein
3,. decrease cholesterol absorption or directly increase cholesterol removal
this class of drugs inhibits the first committed enzymatic step of cholesterol synthesis ; first line therapy for LDL; bfts include plaque stabilization, improved coronary endothelial fxn, inhibition of platelet thrombus formation, and anti-inflammatory activity
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
what is the precursor of cholesterol
HMG
this class of drug is effective in lowering plasma cholesterol levels in all types of hyperlipidemias
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
adverse effects of this class of drugs includes biochemical abnormalities in liver fxn, disintegration of muscle, increases warfarin levels ; CI in pregnancy and nursing mothers
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
this is the most effective agent for increasing HDL levels ; can be used with statins;
niacin
this specific drug is useful in the tx of familial hyperlipidemias ; raising HDLs is the common indication for use
niacin
adverse effects of this drug include: intense cutaneous flush and feeling of warmth, nausea and abdominal pain, and it inhibits tubular secretion of uric acid
niacin
these drugs are used to treat increase triglyceride levels ( mainly type III) ; adverse effects include mild GI prob, gallstones, inflammation of voluntary muscle, compete with warfarin for binding site; CI in pts with severe liver or kidney disease
fibrates
drug of choice for Type II A and II B hyperlipidemias
bile acid binding resins
which drug is used to relieve pruritis caused by accumulation of bile acids in patients with biliary obstruction
cholestyramine
adverse effects of these drugs include; GI probs, impaired absorption of fat soluble vitamins, interfere with intestinal absorption of tetracycline, phenobarbital, digoxin, warfarin, and pravastatin
bile acid binding resins
this class of drugs has a very long half life ( 22 hrs); Ci in pts with moderate to severe hepatic insufficiency
cholesterol absorption inhibitor
what combo therapy is good for type II hyperlipidemia
niacin with cholestyramine
what combo therapy is good for lowering LDL levels
statin with bile acid binding agent
what combo therapy is available in one pill
simvastatin/ ezetimibe, and simvastatin/ niacin
which two toxicities occur more with combination drugs
liver and muscle
