GI and Antiemetic Drugs Flashcards
amoxicillin
Drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antimicrobial agents)
bismuth compounds
Drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antimicrobial agents)
Clarithromycin
Drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antimicrobial agents)
metronidazole
Drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antimicrobial agents)
tetracycline
Drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antimicrobial agents)
cimetidine
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( H2 receptor blockers)
famotidine
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( H2 receptor blockers)
nizatidine
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( H2 receptor blockers)
ranitidine
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( H2 receptor blockers)
dexlansoprazole
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( PPI)
esomeprazole
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( PPI)
lansoprazole
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( PPI)
omeprazole
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( PPI)
pantoprazole
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( PPI)
rabeprazole
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( PPI)
misoprostol
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( prostaglandins)
dicyclomine
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( Antimuscarinic agents)
aluminum hydroxide
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antacids)
calcium carbonate
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antacids)
magnesium hydroxide
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antacids)
sodium bicarbonate
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antacids)
bismuth subsalicylate ( pepto bismol)
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( mucosal protective agents)
sucralfate
drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( mucosal protective agents)
prochlorperazine (Compazine)
drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( phenothiazines)
dolasetron
drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( serotonin receptor blockers)
granisetron
drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( serotonin receptor blockers)
ondansetron
drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( serotonin receptor blockers)
palonosetron
drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( serotonin receptor blockers)
metoclopramide
drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( substituted benzamides)
droperidol
drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( butyrophenones)
haloperidol
drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( butyrophenones)
alprazolam
drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( benzodiazepines)
lorazepam
drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( benzodiazepines)
Dexamethasone
drugs used to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( corticosteroids)
methylprednisolone
drugs used to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( corticosteroids)
aprepitant
drugs used to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( substance P / Neurokinin - 1 receptor blocker)
diphenoxylate + atropine
drugs used to treat diarrhea ( antimotility agents )
loperamide
drugs use to treat diarrhea ( antimotility agents )
aluminum hydroxide
drugs used to treat diarrhea ( adsorbents)
methylcellulose
drugs used to treat diarrhea ( adsorbents)
bismuth subsalicylate ( pepto bismol)
drugs used to treat diarrhea ( agents that modify fluid and electrolyte balance)
bisacodyl
drugs used to treat constipation ( irritants and stimulants)
castor oil
drugs used to treat constipation ( irritants and stimulants)
senna
drugs used to treat constipation ( irritants and stimulants)
methylcellulose
drugs used to treat constipation ( bulk laxatives )
psyllium
drugs used to treat constipation ( bulk laxatives )
Mg citrate
drugs used to treat constipation ( saline and osmotic laxatives )
Mg hydroxide
drugs used to treat constipation ( saline and osmotic laxatives )
polyethylene glycol
drugs used to treat constipation ( saline and osmotic laxatives )
lactulose
drugs used to treat constipation ( saline ans osmotic laxatives )
docusate
drugs used to treat constipation ( stool softener)
glycerin suppositories
drugs used to treat constipation ( lubricant laxatives)
mineral oil
drugs used to treat constipation( lubricant laxatives)
lubiprostone
drugs used to treat constipation ( chloride channel activators)
what combo of drugs is the triple therapy for treating H pylori infection
PPI + metronidazole or amoxicillin + clarithromycin
what combo of drugs is the quadruple therapy for treating H pylori infection
bismuth subsalicylate + metronidazole + tetracycline + PPI
these drugs competitively block the binding of histamine -> reduces gastric acid secretion
H2 receptor blockers
what are some therapeutic uses for H2 receptor blockers
peptic ulcers, acute stress ulcers, and GERD
AE of these drugs are minor : HA, dizziness, diarrhea, and muscular pain. May decrease absorption of drugs that depend on acidic medium for gastric absorption
H2 receptor antagonists
these drugs bind to the proton pump and prevent secretion of hydrogen ions
proton pump inhibitors ( “prazoles”)
these drugs are first line therapy for any heartburn or GI probs; they are used for stress ulcer tx and prophylaxis, tx of erosive esophagitis, tx of active duodenal ulcer, long term tx of hypersecretory conditions, and treatment of GERD
proton pump inhibitors
AE of these drugs includes possible increased risk of fractures , interference with warfarin metabolism, nausea, diarrhea, HA, and GI disturbance ; CI with H2 antagonists
PPI
this molecules is produced by gastric mucosa and inhibits secretion of HCL
prostaglandin E
this drug is approved for Tx of ulcer caused by NSAIDs; CI in pregnancy
misoprostol
these drugs are weak bases; they react with gastric acid to form water and salt ; reduce pepsin activity ; used mainly for Tx of peptic ulcer disease and GERD
antacids
What are the AE of Al Hydroxide? Mg Hydroxide? and Na Bicarbonate?
Al Hydroxide causes constipation; Mg hydroxide causes diarrhea, and Na bicarbonate causes systemic alkalosis
these drugs work by preventing mucosal injury, reducing inflammation, and helping to heal existing ulcers
mucosal protective agents
this specific drug forms a complex gel with epithelial cells -> impaired diffusion of HCl; stimulates prostaglandin secretion ; CI with PPI, H2 antagonists or antacids
Sucralfate
this drug has antimicrobial actions; it inhibits pepsin activity, increases mucous secretion, and coats and protects the ulcer crater
Bismuth Subsalicylate
where are the two brainstem sites that trigger vomiting
chemoreceptor trigger zone in area postrema outside the blood brain barrier and the vomiting center in the lateral reticular formation of the medulla
which two drugs are great for motion sickness
scopolamine and H1 receptor antagonists
these drugs block Da receptors ; effective against low emetogenic agents; SE = hypotension, restlessness, and extrapyramidal symptoms
phenothiazines ( antiemetic drugs) ie. prochlorperazine
these drugs are effective against all agents; SE = HA and ECG changes
serotonin receptor blockers ( antiemetic drugs)
this specific drug is a substituted benzamide; it blocks DA receptors; SE= sedation, diarrhea, extrapyramidal symptoms
metoclopramide
this substituted benzamide blocks DA receptors ; can prolong QT interval ; ie haloperidol and droperidol
butyrophenones
these drugs have low antiemetic potency; great for anticipatory vomiting
benzodiazepines ( antiemetic drugs)
these drugs are used more in combination ; mechanism may involve blockade of prostaglandins
corticosteroids ( ie. Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone )
these drugs target the neurokinin receptor in the brain ; usually combined with dexamethasone and palonosetron ; SE= constipation and fatigue
substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor blocker
these drugs have opioid like actions on the gut ; they inhibit Ach release and decrease peristalsis
antimotility agents ( antidiarrheal) ie. diphenoxylate and loperamide
these drugs act by adsorbing intestinal toxins and/or by coating the intestinal mucosa ;
adsorbents ( antidiarrheals) ie. Al hydroxide and methycellulose
this drug is involved with modification of fluid and electrolyte transport ; decreases fluid secretion
bismuth subsalicylate
this major class of drugs is used to accelerate the movement of food through the GI tract
laxatives
this specific drug is a stimulant laxative; causes evacuation of bowels and water/electrolye secretion
senna
this specific drug stimulates the colon; can cause cramping ; laxative
bisacodyl
this specific drug is a laxative; it irritates the stomach and initiates peristalsis ; CI in pregnant women - stimulates contractions
castor oil
these drugs form gels in the large intestines-> cause water retention and intestinal distention ( hydrophilic colloids ie fruits )
bulk laxatives
these laxatives are nonabsorbable salts or electrolytes; they hold water in the intestine by osmosis
saline and osmotic laxatives
these laxatives take longer to become effective and are used more for prevention
stool softeners ( laxatives)- emollients and surfactants
these laxatives are examples like mineral oil and suppositories
lubricant laxatives
these laxatives activate Cl channels -> increases fluid secretion in the intestinal lumen ; SE = nausea
Cl channel activators
Can you call in hydrocodone for a Rx?
NO!!! Its a schedule II drug and those cannot be called in
