GI and Antiemetic Drugs Flashcards by Jessica Ward | Brainscape

Q

amoxicillin

A

Drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antimicrobial agents)

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Q

bismuth compounds

A

Drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antimicrobial agents)

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Q

Clarithromycin

A

Drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antimicrobial agents)

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Q

metronidazole

A

Drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antimicrobial agents)

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Q

tetracycline

A

Drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antimicrobial agents)

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Q

cimetidine

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( H2 receptor blockers)

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Q

famotidine

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( H2 receptor blockers)

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Q

nizatidine

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( H2 receptor blockers)

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Q

ranitidine

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( H2 receptor blockers)

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Q

dexlansoprazole

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( PPI)

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Q

esomeprazole

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( PPI)

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Q

lansoprazole

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( PPI)

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Q

omeprazole

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( PPI)

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Q

pantoprazole

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( PPI)

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Q

rabeprazole

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( PPI)

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Q

misoprostol

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( prostaglandins)

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Q

dicyclomine

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( Antimuscarinic agents)

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Q

aluminum hydroxide

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antacids)

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Q

calcium carbonate

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antacids)

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Q

magnesium hydroxide

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antacids)

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Q

sodium bicarbonate

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( antacids)

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Q

bismuth subsalicylate ( pepto bismol)

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( mucosal protective agents)

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Q

sucralfate

A

drugs to treat peptic ulcer ( mucosal protective agents)

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Q

prochlorperazine (Compazine)

A

drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( phenothiazines)

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Q

dolasetron

A

drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( serotonin receptor blockers)

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Q

granisetron

A

drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( serotonin receptor blockers)

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Q

ondansetron

A

drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( serotonin receptor blockers)

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Q

palonosetron

A

drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( serotonin receptor blockers)

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Q

metoclopramide

A

drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( substituted benzamides)

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Q

droperidol

A

drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( butyrophenones)

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Q

haloperidol

A

drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( butyrophenones)

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Q

alprazolam

A

drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( benzodiazepines)

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Q

lorazepam

A

drugs to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( benzodiazepines)

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Q

Dexamethasone

A

drugs used to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( corticosteroids)

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Q

methylprednisolone

A

drugs used to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( corticosteroids)

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Q

aprepitant

A

drugs used to treat chemotherapy induced nausea ( substance P / Neurokinin - 1 receptor blocker)

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Q

diphenoxylate + atropine

A

drugs used to treat diarrhea ( antimotility agents )

Q

loperamide

A

drugs use to treat diarrhea ( antimotility agents )

Q

aluminum hydroxide

A

drugs used to treat diarrhea ( adsorbents)

Q

methylcellulose

A

drugs used to treat diarrhea ( adsorbents)

Q

bismuth subsalicylate ( pepto bismol)

A

drugs used to treat diarrhea ( agents that modify fluid and electrolyte balance)

Q

bisacodyl

A

drugs used to treat constipation ( irritants and stimulants)

Q

castor oil

A

drugs used to treat constipation ( irritants and stimulants)

Q

senna

A

drugs used to treat constipation ( irritants and stimulants)

Q

methylcellulose

A

drugs used to treat constipation ( bulk laxatives )

Q

psyllium

A

drugs used to treat constipation ( bulk laxatives )

Q

Mg citrate

A

drugs used to treat constipation ( saline and osmotic laxatives )

Q

Mg hydroxide

A

drugs used to treat constipation ( saline and osmotic laxatives )

Q

polyethylene glycol

A

drugs used to treat constipation ( saline and osmotic laxatives )

Q

lactulose

A

drugs used to treat constipation ( saline ans osmotic laxatives )

Q

docusate

A

drugs used to treat constipation ( stool softener)

Q

glycerin suppositories

A

drugs used to treat constipation ( lubricant laxatives)

Q

mineral oil

A

drugs used to treat constipation( lubricant laxatives)

Q

lubiprostone

A

drugs used to treat constipation ( chloride channel activators)

Q

what combo of drugs is the triple therapy for treating H pylori infection

A

PPI + metronidazole or amoxicillin + clarithromycin

Q

what combo of drugs is the quadruple therapy for treating H pylori infection

A

bismuth subsalicylate + metronidazole + tetracycline + PPI

Q

these drugs competitively block the binding of histamine -> reduces gastric acid secretion

A

H2 receptor blockers

Q

what are some therapeutic uses for H2 receptor blockers

A

peptic ulcers, acute stress ulcers, and GERD

Q

AE of these drugs are minor : HA, dizziness, diarrhea, and muscular pain. May decrease absorption of drugs that depend on acidic medium for gastric absorption

A

H2 receptor antagonists

Q

these drugs bind to the proton pump and prevent secretion of hydrogen ions

A

proton pump inhibitors ( “prazoles”)

Q

these drugs are first line therapy for any heartburn or GI probs; they are used for stress ulcer tx and prophylaxis, tx of erosive esophagitis, tx of active duodenal ulcer, long term tx of hypersecretory conditions, and treatment of GERD

A

proton pump inhibitors

Q

AE of these drugs includes possible increased risk of fractures , interference with warfarin metabolism, nausea, diarrhea, HA, and GI disturbance ; CI with H2 antagonists

A

PPI

Q

this molecules is produced by gastric mucosa and inhibits secretion of HCL

A

prostaglandin E

Q

this drug is approved for Tx of ulcer caused by NSAIDs; CI in pregnancy

A

misoprostol

Q

these drugs are weak bases; they react with gastric acid to form water and salt ; reduce pepsin activity ; used mainly for Tx of peptic ulcer disease and GERD

A

antacids

Q

What are the AE of Al Hydroxide? Mg Hydroxide? and Na Bicarbonate?

A

Al Hydroxide causes constipation; Mg hydroxide causes diarrhea, and Na bicarbonate causes systemic alkalosis

Q

these drugs work by preventing mucosal injury, reducing inflammation, and helping to heal existing ulcers

A

mucosal protective agents

Q

this specific drug forms a complex gel with epithelial cells -> impaired diffusion of HCl; stimulates prostaglandin secretion ; CI with PPI, H2 antagonists or antacids

A

Sucralfate

Q

this drug has antimicrobial actions; it inhibits pepsin activity, increases mucous secretion, and coats and protects the ulcer crater

A

Bismuth Subsalicylate

Q

where are the two brainstem sites that trigger vomiting

A

chemoreceptor trigger zone in area postrema outside the blood brain barrier and the vomiting center in the lateral reticular formation of the medulla

Q

which two drugs are great for motion sickness

A

scopolamine and H1 receptor antagonists

Q

these drugs block Da receptors ; effective against low emetogenic agents; SE = hypotension, restlessness, and extrapyramidal symptoms

A

phenothiazines ( antiemetic drugs) ie. prochlorperazine

Q

these drugs are effective against all agents; SE = HA and ECG changes

A

serotonin receptor blockers ( antiemetic drugs)

Q

this specific drug is a substituted benzamide; it blocks DA receptors; SE= sedation, diarrhea, extrapyramidal symptoms

A

metoclopramide

Q

this substituted benzamide blocks DA receptors ; can prolong QT interval ; ie haloperidol and droperidol

A

butyrophenones

Q

these drugs have low antiemetic potency; great for anticipatory vomiting

A

benzodiazepines ( antiemetic drugs)

Q

these drugs are used more in combination ; mechanism may involve blockade of prostaglandins

A

corticosteroids ( ie. Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone )

Q

these drugs target the neurokinin receptor in the brain ; usually combined with dexamethasone and palonosetron ; SE= constipation and fatigue

A

substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor blocker

Q

these drugs have opioid like actions on the gut ; they inhibit Ach release and decrease peristalsis

A

antimotility agents ( antidiarrheal) ie. diphenoxylate and loperamide

Q

these drugs act by adsorbing intestinal toxins and/or by coating the intestinal mucosa ;

A

adsorbents ( antidiarrheals) ie. Al hydroxide and methycellulose

Q

this drug is involved with modification of fluid and electrolyte transport ; decreases fluid secretion

A

bismuth subsalicylate

Q

this major class of drugs is used to accelerate the movement of food through the GI tract

A

laxatives

Q

this specific drug is a stimulant laxative; causes evacuation of bowels and water/electrolye secretion

A

senna

Q

this specific drug stimulates the colon; can cause cramping ; laxative

A

bisacodyl

Q

this specific drug is a laxative; it irritates the stomach and initiates peristalsis ; CI in pregnant women - stimulates contractions

A

castor oil

Q

these drugs form gels in the large intestines-> cause water retention and intestinal distention ( hydrophilic colloids ie fruits )

A

bulk laxatives

Q

these laxatives are nonabsorbable salts or electrolytes; they hold water in the intestine by osmosis

A

saline and osmotic laxatives

Q

these laxatives take longer to become effective and are used more for prevention

A

stool softeners ( laxatives)- emollients and surfactants

Q

these laxatives are examples like mineral oil and suppositories

A

lubricant laxatives

Q

these laxatives activate Cl channels -> increases fluid secretion in the intestinal lumen ; SE = nausea

A

Cl channel activators

Q

Can you call in hydrocodone for a Rx?

A

NO!!! Its a schedule II drug and those cannot be called in