Diuretics

Question 1

What are diuretics for?

Answer 1

increase urine flow

Question 2

These drugs decrease the reabsorption of Na at different sites in the nephron

Answer 2

Diuretics

Question 3

Which drugs prevent water reabsorption

Answer 3

osmotic diuretics

Question 4

which drugs are used to manage disorders involving abnormal fluid retention ( edema) or treating HTN, can also be used to treat glaucoma

Answer 4

diuretics

Question 5

What is 16-20% of blood plasma entering the kidneys filtered into

Answer 5

bowmans capsule

Question 6

What does the filtrate contain

Answer 6

glucose, Na bicarbonate, amino acids, electrolytes ( Na, K, Cl)

Question 7

How does the kidney regulate the ionic composition and volume of urine

Answer 7

1) active reabsorption or secretion of ions

2) passive reabsorption of water

Question 8

What are the 5 functional zones of the kidney

Answer 8

proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of henle, ascending loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule and duct

Question 9

Which part of the kidney contains almost all glucose, bicarbonate, and amino acids along with 2/3 Na reabsorbed; site of organic acid and base secretory systems, CAIs work here

Answer 9

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 10

Which part of the kidney is where water reabsorption continues; osmotic diuretics exert action here

Answer 10

descending loop of henle

Question 11

which part of the kidney has cells that are impermeable to water; active reabsorption of Na, K,and Cl occurs; considered a diluting region ( major site of salt reabsorption); loop diuretics work here

Answer 11

ascending loop of henle

Question 12

which part of the kidney has cells that are impermeable to water; 10 % of NaCl reabsorption here; thiazide diuretics work here

Answer 12

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 13

which part of the kidney is responsible for Na, K, and water transport; Na is reabsorbed; H and K are excreted;

Answer 13

collecting tubule and duct

Question 14

what influences Na reabsorption and K secretion; takes place in collecting duct

Answer 14

aldosterone ( increased aldosterone increases Na reabsorption)

Question 15

what promotes reabsorption of water ; takes place in collecting duct

Answer 15

antidiuretic hormone

Question 16

which disease state of the kidney involves NaCl reabsorption that’s abnormally high -> leads to water retention ie. Heart failure, cirrhosis

Answer 16

edematous state

Question 17

what are some nonedematous states of the kidney

Answer 17

HTN, Hypercalcemia, diabetes insipidus

Question 18

which drugs reduce blood volume and cause dilation of arteries

Answer 18

diuretics

Question 19

which drugs increase calcium excretion

Answer 19

loop diuretics

Question 20

polyuria and polydipsia can be treated with which drugs

Answer 20

diuretics

Question 21

what are the most common diuretics used; sulfanomide derivatives; affect the distal tubule; ie HCTZ

Answer 21

thiazide diuretics

Question 22

These drugs inhibit the Na/Cl co-transporter -> increased concentration of Na and Cl in the tubular fluid

Answer 22

thiazide diuretics

Question 23

which drugs increase the excretion of Na and Cl leading to a hyperosmolar urine

Answer 23

thiazide diuretics

Question 24

which drugs leads to a loss of K and Mg; decreased urinary Ca excretion; and reduced peripheral vascular resistance

Answer 24

thiazide diuretics

Question 25

These drugs can be used for HTN, Heart failure, Hypercalcuria, Diabetes insipidus

Answer 25

Thiazide diuretics

Question 26

which drugs has adverse effects of K depletion, hypoatremia ( decreased Na), Hyperuricemia ( increased serum uric acid- gout), volume depletion, Hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypersensitivity

Answer 26

thiazide diuretics

Question 27

furosemide is most common example of this drug

Answer 27

loop diuretics

Question 28

which drugs inhibit cotransport of Na/K/2 Cl-> reabsorption is decreased

Answer 28

loop diuretics

Question 29

which drugs increase Na and K excretion; increase Ca excretion; decrease renal vascular resistance and increase renal blood flow; increase prostaglandin synthesis

Answer 29

loop diuretics

Question 30

uses of this drug include reducing acute pulmonary edema of heart failure, emergency situations , tx of Hypercalcemia and hyperkalemia

Answer 30

loop diuretics

Question 31

some adverse effects of this drug include ototoxicity, hyperuricemia, acute hypovolemia, k depletion, hypomagnesemia

Answer 31

loop diuretics

Question 32

these drugs inhibit Na reabsorption and K excretion; major use is tx of HTN;

Answer 32

Potassium sparing diuretics ( ie. Aldosterone antagonists)

Question 33

this drug blocks aldosterone receptors ; prevents production of proteins that stimulate Na/K exchange sites of the collecting tubules

Answer 33

K sparing diuretics

Question 34

these drugs block aldosterone - relieves edema

Answer 34

K sparing diuretics

Question 35

uses of this drug include diuretics, secondary hyperaldosteronism, and heart failure

Answer 35

K sparing diuretics

Question 36

some adverse effects of this drug include GI upsets and peptic ulcers, and it chemically resembles some sex hormones

Answer 36

K sparing diuretics

Question 37

this class of drugs inhibits carbonic anhydrase in proximal tubule ; weak diuretic

Answer 37

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Question 38

this class of drugs catalyzes the reaction to form bicarbonate

Answer 38

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Question 39

this class of drugs can be used to treat glaucoma ( decreases aqueous ) and also mountain sickness

Answer 39

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Question 40

these carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can be used topically to treat glaucoma

Answer 40

dorzolamide and brinzolamide

Question 41

metabolic acidosis, renal stone formation, drowsiness, paresthesia, and you want to avoid in pts with cirrhosis are all adverse effects of which class of drugs

Answer 41

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 42

this class of drugs are filtered through the glomerulus and carry water with them ; mannitol most common

Answer 42

osmotic diuretics

Question 43

this class of drugs increase water excretion but not Na; used to prevent acute renal failure and in tx of increased intracranial pressure

Answer 43

osmotic diuretics