Diuretics Flashcards
What are diuretics for?
increase urine flow
These drugs decrease the reabsorption of Na at different sites in the nephron
Diuretics
Which drugs prevent water reabsorption
osmotic diuretics
which drugs are used to manage disorders involving abnormal fluid retention ( edema) or treating HTN, can also be used to treat glaucoma
diuretics
What is 16-20% of blood plasma entering the kidneys filtered into
bowmans capsule
What does the filtrate contain
glucose, Na bicarbonate, amino acids, electrolytes ( Na, K, Cl)
How does the kidney regulate the ionic composition and volume of urine
1) active reabsorption or secretion of ions
2) passive reabsorption of water
What are the 5 functional zones of the kidney
proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of henle, ascending loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule and duct
Which part of the kidney contains almost all glucose, bicarbonate, and amino acids along with 2/3 Na reabsorbed; site of organic acid and base secretory systems, CAIs work here
proximal convoluted tubule
Which part of the kidney is where water reabsorption continues; osmotic diuretics exert action here
descending loop of henle
which part of the kidney has cells that are impermeable to water; active reabsorption of Na, K,and Cl occurs; considered a diluting region ( major site of salt reabsorption); loop diuretics work here
ascending loop of henle
which part of the kidney has cells that are impermeable to water; 10 % of NaCl reabsorption here; thiazide diuretics work here
Distal convoluted tubule
which part of the kidney is responsible for Na, K, and water transport; Na is reabsorbed; H and K are excreted;
collecting tubule and duct
what influences Na reabsorption and K secretion; takes place in collecting duct
aldosterone ( increased aldosterone increases Na reabsorption)
what promotes reabsorption of water ; takes place in collecting duct
antidiuretic hormone
which disease state of the kidney involves NaCl reabsorption that’s abnormally high -> leads to water retention ie. Heart failure, cirrhosis
edematous state
what are some nonedematous states of the kidney
HTN, Hypercalcemia, diabetes insipidus
which drugs reduce blood volume and cause dilation of arteries
diuretics
which drugs increase calcium excretion
loop diuretics
polyuria and polydipsia can be treated with which drugs
diuretics
what are the most common diuretics used; sulfanomide derivatives; affect the distal tubule; ie HCTZ
thiazide diuretics
These drugs inhibit the Na/Cl co-transporter -> increased concentration of Na and Cl in the tubular fluid
thiazide diuretics
which drugs increase the excretion of Na and Cl leading to a hyperosmolar urine
thiazide diuretics
which drugs leads to a loss of K and Mg; decreased urinary Ca excretion; and reduced peripheral vascular resistance
thiazide diuretics
These drugs can be used for HTN, Heart failure, Hypercalcuria, Diabetes insipidus
Thiazide diuretics
which drugs has adverse effects of K depletion, hypoatremia ( decreased Na), Hyperuricemia ( increased serum uric acid- gout), volume depletion, Hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypersensitivity
thiazide diuretics
furosemide is most common example of this drug
loop diuretics
which drugs inhibit cotransport of Na/K/2 Cl-> reabsorption is decreased
loop diuretics
which drugs increase Na and K excretion; increase Ca excretion; decrease renal vascular resistance and increase renal blood flow; increase prostaglandin synthesis
loop diuretics
uses of this drug include reducing acute pulmonary edema of heart failure, emergency situations , tx of Hypercalcemia and hyperkalemia
loop diuretics
some adverse effects of this drug include ototoxicity, hyperuricemia, acute hypovolemia, k depletion, hypomagnesemia
loop diuretics
these drugs inhibit Na reabsorption and K excretion; major use is tx of HTN;
Potassium sparing diuretics ( ie. Aldosterone antagonists)
this drug blocks aldosterone receptors ; prevents production of proteins that stimulate Na/K exchange sites of the collecting tubules
K sparing diuretics
these drugs block aldosterone - relieves edema
K sparing diuretics
uses of this drug include diuretics, secondary hyperaldosteronism, and heart failure
K sparing diuretics
some adverse effects of this drug include GI upsets and peptic ulcers, and it chemically resembles some sex hormones
K sparing diuretics
this class of drugs inhibits carbonic anhydrase in proximal tubule ; weak diuretic
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
this class of drugs catalyzes the reaction to form bicarbonate
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
this class of drugs can be used to treat glaucoma ( decreases aqueous ) and also mountain sickness
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
these carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can be used topically to treat glaucoma
dorzolamide and brinzolamide
metabolic acidosis, renal stone formation, drowsiness, paresthesia, and you want to avoid in pts with cirrhosis are all adverse effects of which class of drugs
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
this class of drugs are filtered through the glomerulus and carry water with them ; mannitol most common
osmotic diuretics
this class of drugs increase water excretion but not Na; used to prevent acute renal failure and in tx of increased intracranial pressure
osmotic diuretics
