HTN treatment Flashcards
what are the 5 types of diuretics
1) acetazolamide
2) osmotic diuretics
3) loop diuretic
4) thazides diuretics
5) potassium sparing diuretics
what are the drug categories of anti-HTN
1) ACE inhibitor
2) Blockers of angiotensin receptors (ARBs)
3) renin inhibition
4) Ca2+ blockers
5) Diuretics
6) beta blockers
7) alpha blockers
8) Alpha 2 antagonist
9) vasodilators
what is the suffix for thazides diuretics
-“thiazide”
what do thazides do
decrease reabsorption of Na and Cl at the distal covoluted tubule
what is the suffix for loop diuretics
“-semide”
what do loop diuretics do
decrease reabsorption Na2+ at the loop of helene
what is the suffix for K+ sparing diuretics
“-ne”
what do K+ sparing diuretics do
prevent K+ loss at the collecting duct
side effects of fluid loss due to diuretics
- orthostatic hypotension
- changes in mentation, confusion and, irritability
side effects of electrolyte imbalance due to diuretics
weakness, fatigue, hypoatremia/hypokalemia
what does chronic activation of the Renin Angiotensin System lead too
increased BP
what are the effects of angiotensin 2
- vasoconstriction
- releases aldostrone (increases volume)
- releases ADH (increases volume)
- increases thirst (increases volume)
MOA of ACE inhibitors
inhibits ACE from converting angiotension 1 to angiotension 2 in the liver. decreases aldosterone and Na concentration leading to a decreased BP.
what is the suffix for ACE inhibitors
-pril
what are the side effects of ACE inhibitors
- dry cough
- hyperkalemia
- acute kidney damage
- angioedema
- fetotoxic: do not give to pregnant women
MOA of Angiotension Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
blocks angiotension 2 receptors at the adrenal gland inhibiting the release of aldosterone leading to decreased volume and decreased BP
suffix for ARBs
-sartan
what are the side effects of ARBs
- acute kidney disease
- hyperkalemia
- fetotoxic: do not let pregnant women take.
MOA of ca channel blockers
Ca2+ is released in the cell by SR, it connects with calmoduim which activates the myosin light chain kinase with causes muscle contraction (vasoconstriction)
Ca2+ stops this process from happening
CCB (ca channel blockers) drugs
- verapamil
- diltiazem
- amlodipine
- felodipine
- nifedipine
CCB side effects
dizziness
fatigue
flushing
headache
peripheral edema
how do alpha 2 agonists decrease BP
decrease NE release leading decreased vasodilation
MOA of vasodilators
activate K+ channels which hyperpolarize the cell this causes a decrease in Ca influx leading to a decrease in vasoconstriction.
what are the 2 drugs that are under the vasodilation categories
1) hydralazone
2) minoxidil
what are the side effects of vasodilators
- reflex tachycardia
- could prompt heart problems
- increase plasma renin concentration resulting in sodium and water retention
- orthostatic hypotension
Aliskiren
renin inhibitor (similar action as ACE inhibitors and ARBs)
