HTN treatment

Question 1

what are the 5 types of diuretics

Answer 1

1) acetazolamide
2) osmotic diuretics
3) loop diuretic
4) thazides diuretics
5) potassium sparing diuretics

Question 1

what are the drug categories of anti-HTN

Answer 1

1) ACE inhibitor
2) Blockers of angiotensin receptors (ARBs)
3) renin inhibition
4) Ca2+ blockers
5) Diuretics
6) beta blockers
7) alpha blockers
8) Alpha 2 antagonist
9) vasodilators

Question 2

what is the suffix for thazides diuretics

Answer 2

-“thiazide”

Question 3

what do thazides do

Answer 3

decrease reabsorption of Na and Cl at the distal covoluted tubule

Question 4

what is the suffix for loop diuretics

Answer 4

“-semide”

Question 5

what do loop diuretics do

Answer 5

decrease reabsorption Na2+ at the loop of helene

Question 6

what is the suffix for K+ sparing diuretics

Answer 6

“-ne”

Question 7

what do K+ sparing diuretics do

Answer 7

prevent K+ loss at the collecting duct

Question 8

side effects of fluid loss due to diuretics

Answer 8

• orthostatic hypotension
• changes in mentation, confusion and, irritability

Question 9

side effects of electrolyte imbalance due to diuretics

Answer 9

weakness, fatigue, hypoatremia/hypokalemia

Question 10

what does chronic activation of the Renin Angiotensin System lead too

Answer 10

increased BP

Question 11

what are the effects of angiotensin 2

Answer 11

• vasoconstriction
• releases aldostrone (increases volume)
• releases ADH (increases volume)
• increases thirst (increases volume)

Question 12

MOA of ACE inhibitors

Answer 12

inhibits ACE from converting angiotension 1 to angiotension 2 in the liver. decreases aldosterone and Na concentration leading to a decreased BP.

Question 13

what is the suffix for ACE inhibitors

Answer 13

-pril

Question 14

what are the side effects of ACE inhibitors

Answer 14

• dry cough
• hyperkalemia
• acute kidney damage
• angioedema
• fetotoxic: do not give to pregnant women

Question 15

MOA of Angiotension Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Answer 15

blocks angiotension 2 receptors at the adrenal gland inhibiting the release of aldosterone leading to decreased volume and decreased BP

Question 16

suffix for ARBs

Answer 16

-sartan

Question 17

what are the side effects of ARBs

Answer 17

• acute kidney disease
• hyperkalemia
• fetotoxic: do not let pregnant women take.

Question 18

MOA of ca channel blockers

Answer 18

Ca2+ is released in the cell by SR, it connects with calmoduim which activates the myosin light chain kinase with causes muscle contraction (vasoconstriction)
Ca2+ stops this process from happening

Question 19

CCB (ca channel blockers) drugs

Answer 19

• verapamil
• diltiazem
• amlodipine
• felodipine
• nifedipine

Question 20

CCB side effects

Answer 20

dizziness
fatigue
flushing
headache
peripheral edema

Question 21

how do alpha 2 agonists decrease BP

Answer 21

decrease NE release leading decreased vasodilation

Question 22

MOA of vasodilators

Answer 22

activate K+ channels which hyperpolarize the cell this causes a decrease in Ca influx leading to a decrease in vasoconstriction.

Question 23

what are the 2 drugs that are under the vasodilation categories

Answer 23

1) hydralazone
2) minoxidil

Question 24

what are the side effects of vasodilators

Answer 24

• reflex tachycardia
• could prompt heart problems
• increase plasma renin concentration resulting in sodium and water retention
• orthostatic hypotension

Question 25

Aliskiren

Answer 25

renin inhibitor (similar action as ACE inhibitors and ARBs)