Drugs for hyperlipidemia

Question 1

what are the classes of drugs that can be used in the treatment of hypercholesteral

Answer 1

1) statins
2) bile acid sequestants
3) ezetimibe
4) drugs that reduce triglycerides via decreased production in the liver
5) drugs that increase HDL
6) Pcsk9 inhibtors

Question 2

what is the suffix of statins

Answer 2

statin

Question 3

what is the MOA of statins

Answer 3

inhibit HMG-CoA with inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver to lower LDL

Question 4

what are the clinical indications for statins

Answer 4

1) hyperlipidemia
2) CAD

Question 5

what are the side effects of statins

Answer 5

• muscle pain and weakness
• fatigue
• Rhabdomyolysis
• increased liver enzymes

Question 6

what are the drugs that are bile acid sequestrants

Answer 6

(cole or Chole)

Question 7

what is the MOA of bile acid sequestrates

Answer 7

promotes the excretion of cholesterol

Question 8

what is the clinical indication for bile acid sequestrates

Answer 8

1) hypercholesterolemia

Question 9

what are the common side effects fr bile acid sequestrates

Answer 9

• constipation
• bloating
• indigestion
• nausea

Question 10

what is the name of the drug that. is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Answer 10

ezetimibe

Question 11

what is the MOA of ezetimibe

Answer 11

inhibit the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine

Question 12

what are the clinical indications for ezetimibe

Answer 12

1) hypercholesterol
2) homozygous familial hypercholesteremia

Question 13

what are the side effects of ezetimibe

Answer 13

• diarrhea
• joint pain
• sinusitis
• fatigue

Question 14

what are the drugs that are considered PCK9 inhibitors

Answer 14

• ocumab
  evolocumab and alirocumab

Question 15

what is the MOA of evolocumab and alirocumab

Answer 15

inhibit PCSK9 increasing LDL receptor availability and reducing LDL

Question 16

what are the clinical indications for evolocumb and alirocumab

Answer 16

1) familial hypercholesterolmia
2) homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
3) atherosclerotic CVD

Question 17

what are the side effects of evolocumb and alirocumab

Answer 17

• nasopharyngitis
• injection site reaction
• flu S/S
• back pain

Question 18

what are the drugs that reduce production of triglycerides in the liver (fibrates)

Answer 18

• fib in the middle
  fenofibrate and gemfibrozil

Question 19

what is the MOA of fibrates

Answer 19

activate PPARa reducing sythesis and enhancing triglyceride clearance from the liver

Question 20

what are the clinical indications for fibrates

Answer 20

1) hyperlipidemia
2) mixed dyslipidemia

Question 21

what are the common side effects for fibrates

Answer 21

• GI s/s
• increased liver enzymes
• myopathy
• increase creatine levels
• gallstones
• skin rashes

Question 22

what are examples of omega 3 fatty acids

Answer 22

1) fish oil
2) lovaza
3) vascepa
4)icosapent ethyl

Question 23

what is the MOA of omega 3 fatty acids

Answer 23

reduce hepatic triglyceride production and increase triglyceride clearance

Question 24

what is the clinical implication for omega 3 fatty acids

Answer 24

hypertriglceridemia

Question 25

what are the common side effects for omega 3 fatty acids

Answer 25

• fish aftertaste
• diarrea
• nausea

Question 26

what is the drug under the drug class niacin

Answer 26

nicotinic acid

Question 27

what is the MOA of nicotinic acid

Answer 27

reduces fatty acid release increasing LDL and increasing HDL

Question 28

what are the clinical indications for nicotinic acid

Answer 28

1) hypercholesterolemia
2) mixed dyslipidemia

Question 29

what are the common side effects for nicotinic acid

Answer 29

• flushing
• itching
• elevated glucose levels

Question 30

what are some signs and symptoms to watch out for/ refer pt to seek immediate medical attention

Answer 30

severe muscle pain, tea colored urine, unexplained fatigue