Drugs for hyperlipidemia Flashcards
what are the classes of drugs that can be used in the treatment of hypercholesteral
1) statins
2) bile acid sequestants
3) ezetimibe
4) drugs that reduce triglycerides via decreased production in the liver
5) drugs that increase HDL
6) Pcsk9 inhibtors
what is the suffix of statins
statin
what is the MOA of statins
inhibit HMG-CoA with inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver to lower LDL
what are the clinical indications for statins
1) hyperlipidemia
2) CAD
what are the side effects of statins
- muscle pain and weakness
- fatigue
- Rhabdomyolysis
- increased liver enzymes
what are the drugs that are bile acid sequestrants
(cole or Chole)
what is the MOA of bile acid sequestrates
promotes the excretion of cholesterol
what is the clinical indication for bile acid sequestrates
1) hypercholesterolemia
what are the common side effects fr bile acid sequestrates
- constipation
- bloating
- indigestion
- nausea
what is the name of the drug that. is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor
ezetimibe
what is the MOA of ezetimibe
inhibit the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine
what are the clinical indications for ezetimibe
1) hypercholesterol
2) homozygous familial hypercholesteremia
what are the side effects of ezetimibe
- diarrhea
- joint pain
- sinusitis
- fatigue
what are the drugs that are considered PCK9 inhibitors
- ocumab
evolocumab and alirocumab
what is the MOA of evolocumab and alirocumab
inhibit PCSK9 increasing LDL receptor availability and reducing LDL
what are the clinical indications for evolocumb and alirocumab
1) familial hypercholesterolmia
2) homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
3) atherosclerotic CVD
what are the side effects of evolocumb and alirocumab
- nasopharyngitis
- injection site reaction
- flu S/S
- back pain
what are the drugs that reduce production of triglycerides in the liver (fibrates)
- fib in the middle
fenofibrate and gemfibrozil
what is the MOA of fibrates
activate PPARa reducing sythesis and enhancing triglyceride clearance from the liver
what are the clinical indications for fibrates
1) hyperlipidemia
2) mixed dyslipidemia
what are the common side effects for fibrates
- GI s/s
- increased liver enzymes
- myopathy
- increase creatine levels
- gallstones
- skin rashes
what are examples of omega 3 fatty acids
1) fish oil
2) lovaza
3) vascepa
4)icosapent ethyl
what is the MOA of omega 3 fatty acids
reduce hepatic triglyceride production and increase triglyceride clearance
what is the clinical implication for omega 3 fatty acids
hypertriglceridemia
what are the common side effects for omega 3 fatty acids
- fish aftertaste
- diarrea
- nausea
what is the drug under the drug class niacin
nicotinic acid
what is the MOA of nicotinic acid
reduces fatty acid release increasing LDL and increasing HDL
what are the clinical indications for nicotinic acid
1) hypercholesterolemia
2) mixed dyslipidemia
what are the common side effects for nicotinic acid
- flushing
- itching
- elevated glucose levels
what are some signs and symptoms to watch out for/ refer pt to seek immediate medical attention
severe muscle pain, tea colored urine, unexplained fatigue
