Final Flashcards
1
Q
Morphine
A
strong opioid
2
Q
fentanyl
A
strong opioid
3
Q
hydromorphine
A
strong opioid
4
Q
methadone
A
strong opioid
5
Q
oxymorphone
A
strong opioid
6
Q
oxycodone
A
strong opioid
7
Q
codine
A
mild to moderate opioid
8
Q
hydrocodone
A
mild to moderate opioid
9
Q
-phine
A
mixed agonist antagonist opioid
10
Q
Naloxone and naltrexone
A
opioid antagonists
11
Q
mechanism of opioids
A
bind to mu, delta and kappa to close the presynapic Ca channels and open K channels on the post synaptic
12
Q
tolerance of opiods have no effect on
A
miosis, constipation, and convulsions
13
Q
opioid toxicity triad
A
1) CNS depression
2) respiratory depression (cyanosis)
3) miosis
14
Q
s/s of opioid overdose
A
- euphoria
- unconsciousness
- respiratory depression
- pulmonary edema
- seizures
- hypothermia
- death
15
Q
what are non-opioid analgesics
A
NSAIDS and acetaminophen
16
Q
Asprin
A
NSAID
17
Q
Ibuprofen
A
NSAID
18
Q
indomethacin
A
NSAID
19
Q
meloxicam
A
NSAID
20
Q
celecoxib
A
non selective NSAID
21
Q
side effects of NSAIDS
A
- kidney failure
- liver failure
- ulcers
- edema
- n/v
- dirrehea or constipation
- decreased appitite
22
Q
indications for acetaminophen
A
fever and OA
23
Q
contraindications for acetaminophen
A
- reyes syndrome
- liver disease/toxicity
24
Q
inflammatory drugs
A
steroids and NSAIDS
25
-sone
steroids
26
MOA of steroids
binds to GRE to suppress cytokines
27
side effects of steroids
- adrenal shock: causes leg pain
- breakdown of tissues: decrease collagen
- crushing syndrome: hypercortisol
- decrease ability to absorb Ca2+: osteoporosis
28
Baclofen
Gaba B agonist - used for antispastisity
29
side effects of baclofen
sedation and weakness
30
diazepam (valium)
gaba A agonist for antispastisity and anti spasm
31
side effect of diazepam
coma or death
32
antidote for diazepam
flumazenil
33
tizanidine
alpha 2 adrenergic for antispasticity
34
SE of tizanidine
weakness, hypotension, sedation
35
dantrolene
blocks Ca for antispasticity
36
SE of dantrolene
weakness
37
botulinum toxin
decreases AcH in NMJ for anti spasticity
38
gabapentin
increases gaba used for anti spasticity or chronic pain
39
SE of gabapentin
sedation, fatigue, dizziness, ataxia
40
carisoprodol
anti spasm / polysynaptic inhibitor
41
cyclobenzaprine
anti spasm / polysynaptic inhibitor
42
methocarbamol
anti spasm / polysynaptic inhibitor
43
orphenadrine
anti spasm / polysynaptic inhibitor
44
SE of spasmotics
1) drowsiness/dizziness
2) Nausea, lightheadedness, vertigo, ataxia
45
classes of drugs that can be used in RA treatment
1) NSAIDS
2) Steroids
3) DMARDS
46
hydrozychlorquine
traditional DMARD
47
methotrexate
traditional DMARD
48
leflunomide
traditional DMARD
49
sulfasalzine
traditional DMARD
50
-mab -cept
biologic DMARD
51
SE of DMARDS
local injection site reaction, infection, maligancy
52
Drugs used for OA
1) acetaminophen
2) NSAIDS
3) Hyaluronic acid
4) chondroitin sufate
53
SE of hyaluronic acid
- pain at injection site
- joint stiffness
- headache
note: can cause temporary pain and swelling avoid strenuous activites for a couple of days
54
SE of chondroitiin sulfate
- stomach pain
- n/v
- diarrhea
- headache
- swelling
55
Drugs classes for osteoporosis
1) biophosphonates
2) SERMS
3) Calcitonin
4) RANKL inhibitor
5) PTH
6) ca and vit D
56
-onate
biophosphonates
57
MOA of biophosphonates
inhibit osteoclasts
58
SE of biophasphonates
acid reflex (do not take on an empty stomach)
59
Raloxifene
SERMS
60
MOA of raloxifene
mimic estrogen to decrease bone resorption
61
MOA of calcitonin
decrease osteoclast
62
SE of calcitonin
nasal irritation
63
Denosumab
RANKL inhibitor
64
MOA of densumab
decrease osteoclasts by inhibiting RANKL
65
SE of densumab
osteonecrosis of the jaq
66
-paratide
PTH
67
MOA of PTH
increase the work of osteoblasts
68
what are the common SE of drugs for osteoporosis
leg cramp and hot flash
69
what drugs should be administered on days that pt is NOT attending PT
calcitonin, SERMS, and teriparatide
70
sympathetic tone
controls BP even at rest through vasoconstriction, thermoregulary, renin release, and sweat gland only have sympathetic (other then that increase HR, brochodilation
71
parasympathetic tone
slows hear and increases GI
72
"rine" and "zoline"
alpha 1 agonists
73
therapeutic effect of alpha 1 agonists
decrease nasal congestion
74
SE of alpha 1 agonists
increase BP
reflex brady
headache
75
clonidine
alpha 2 selective agonist
76
methydopa
alpha 2 selective agonist
77
therapeutic effects of alpha 2 selective agonist
anti HTN
78
SE of alpha 2 selective agonist
1) dizziness
2) drowsiness
3) dry mouth
79
-osin and phenoxybezamine
alpha 1 selective antagonist
80
therapeutic effect of alpha 1 selective antagonist
anti-HTN and urinary retention in benign prostatic hyperplasia
81
SE of alpha 1 selective antagonist
- orthostatic hypotension
- reflex tachy
- dizziness
82
-amide
beta 1 selective agonist
83
theraputic effect of beta 1 selective agonist
positive iontrop/ increases the HR
84
SE of beta 1 selective agonist
1) arrhythmia
2) SOB
3) chest pain
85
"erols" and terbutaline
beta 2 selective agonists
86
theraputic used for beta 2 selective agonist (erols)
bronchodialtion
87
theraputic use for beta 2 selective agonist (terbutaline)
delay preterm labor
88
SE of beta 2 selective agonist
- nervousness
- restlessness
- trembling
89
olol
beta antagonist (beta blocker)
90
theraputic uses for beta blockers
anti HTN
angina
HF
91
SE of beta blockers
- bronchoconstriction
- bradycardia
- dizziness
- depression
- lethargy
92
amphetamines
non selective alpha and beta agonist for ADD and narcolepsy
93
epinephrine
non selective alpha and beta agonist for anaphylatic shock
94
norepinephrine
non selective alpha and beta agonist for hypotensive shock
95
SE of non selective alpha and beta agonist
- anxiety
- HTN
- Arrhythmia
96
Hyoscyamine
anti cholinergic
97
dicyclomide
anti cholinergic
98
bromide bros
anti cholinergic - bronchodilators
99
benztropine
anti cholinergic
100
oxybutynin
anti cholinergic
101
tolterodine
anti cholinergic
102
atropine
anti cholinergic - eyes and heart
103
tropicamide
anti cholinergic - eyes
104
scopolamine
anti cholinergic - motion sickness
105
bethanechol
direct acting cholinergic agonist (ACH)
106
pilocarpine
direct acting cholinergic agonist (ACH)
107
methacholine
direct acting cholinergic agonist (ACH)
108
carbachol
direct acting cholinergic agonist (ACH)
109
donepezil
indirect acting cholinergic agonist for AD
110
rivastigmine
indirect acting cholinergic agonist for AD
111
galantamine
indirect acting cholinergic agonist for AD
112
neostigmine
indirect acting cholinergic agonist for myastenia gravis
113
pyridostigmine
indirect acting cholinergic agonist for myastenia gravis
114
edrophonium
indirect acting cholinergic agonist for myastenia gravis
115
ambenonium
indirect acting cholinergic agonist for myastenia gravis
116
physostigmine
indirect acting cholinergic agonist for glaucoma
117
echothiopate
indirect acting cholinergic agonist for glaucoma
118
SE for cholinergic agents (agonists)
- GI
- increase salvation
- increase lachrymation
- bronchoconstriction
- bradycardia
- visual accommodation
119
anti HTN drug classes
1) alpha 2 agonists
2) beta blockers
3) ace inhibitors
4) ARB
5) CCB
6) diuretics
7) alpha blockers
8) vasodilators
119
MOA of alpha 2 agonists
decrease NE release leading to vasodilation
119
-prils
ACE inhibitors
120
MOA of ACE inhibitors
block the conversion of agiotension 1 to angiotension 2 thus decreasing the absorption of na and H20. decrease in blood volume, BP and vasodilation
121
SE of ACE inhibitors
- dry cough
- hyperkalemia
- kidney damage
- edema
- fetotoxic
122
"sartan"
ARBS
123
MOA of ARBs
blocks angiotension receptors to decrease blood volume, BP and vasodilation
124
SE of ARBs
- actue kidney disease
- hyperkalemia
- fetotoxic
125
aliskiren
renin inhibitor do not take while pregnant
126
"dipines" vera and diltia
CCB
127
MOA of CCB
decreases calcium thus decreasing vasocontriction
128
CCB side effects
- dizziness
- flusing
- headache
- fatigue
- peripheral edema
129
Types of dieretics
thiazie "thiazide"
loop "semide"
K sparing (spirolactone and triameterene)
130
SE of diuretics
- orthostatic hypotension
- confusion
- irritability
- weakness
- cardiac arrthmias
- electrolyte imbalance
131
hydralazine
vasodilator for anti HTN
132
minoxidil
vasodilator for anti HTN
133
SE of vasodilators for anti HTN
- othostatic hypo
- reflex tachy
- incrase in renin
134
quinidine
class 1 A antiarrhythmic increases refractory period
135
procainamide
class 1 A antiarrhythmic increases refractory period
136
disopyramide
class 1 A antiarrhythmic extended duration of action potenial treat ventricular arrythmias
137
lidocaine
class 1B antiarrhythmic - blocks NA channels ventricular arrhythmias
138
mexiletine
class 1B antiarrhythmic - blocks NA channels ventricular arrhythmias
139
flexainide
class 1 C antiarrhythmia slows conduction- ventricular arrhythmias
140
propafenone
class 1 C antiarrhythmia slows conduction- ventricular arrythmias
141
class 2 anti arrythmics
beta blockers work on phase 4 slowing SA node for atrial tachy and ventricular arrhytmias
142
class 3 antiarrhythmics
"darone" "tilide" K channel blockers. Delay in repolarization (phase 3)
143
class 4 antiarrhythmic
CCB (vera and diltia) slows SA node in phase 2 good for a fib
144
Other tachyarrhythmic drugs
1) adenosine (inhibits AV conduction)
2) digoxin (reduces AV conduction)
3) Atropine (block vagal effect on SA to treat bradycardia)
145
what are the SE of class 3 K channel blockers
- pulmonary toxicity
- thyroid dysfunction
- hepatotoxicity
- corneal deposits
146
classes of drugs used for anti-anginal
1) organic nitrate
2) b-blockers
3) CCB
4) sodium channel blockers
147
MOA of organic nitrate
increases nitric oxide which increases cGMP activating the MKLC causing vasodilation
148
SE of organic nitrates
- headache
-orthostatic hypo
- facial flushing
- tachycardia
149
ranolazine
sodium channel blocker used in antiangina
150
MOA of ranolazine
decrease Na to decrease ca overload leading to increased diastolic function
151
SE of ranolazine
- dizziness
- headache
- constipation
- QT prolongation
152
classes of drugs used for HF
1) diuretics
2) Ace inhibitor
3) ARB
4) beta blockers
5) aldosterone receptor antagonist
6) cardiac glycosides (positive iontrops)
7) vasodilators
153
"tanide" "semide" and metalazone
diuretics used in HF
154
spironolactone
aldosterone recepter antagonist: prevents salt retention, myocardial hypertrophy and hypokalemia
155
eplerenone
aldosterone receptor antagonist that decreases endocrine effects
156
MOA of digoxin
increase sodium and potassium pump enhancing vagal tone by being a positive iontrop but not increasing HR
157
SE of digoxin
- narrow T.I.
- anorexia
- N/V
- blurred vision
- cardiac arrhythmias
- hypokalemia
158
MOA of milrone
increasing cAMP creating an increase in HR and positive iontrop (for HF) beta adrenergic effect
159
MOA of dobutamine
increaseing cAMP creating an increase in HR and positive iontrop for HF beta anrenergic effect and phosphodiasterase inhibitor
160
vasodilators used in HR
nitrates and hydralazine
161
SE of nirtrates and hydralazine
- headache
- hypotension
- tachycardia
162
what HF drugs reduce mortality
ACE inhibitors
beta blockers
aldosterone receptor antagonists
163
MOA of anticoagulants
inhibit production of thrombin
164
anti coagulant drugs
1) vit k antagonist
2) herprin
3) direct thrombin inhibitor
4) factor XA inhibitors
165
vit k antagonist
warfin
166
SE of warfin
1) hemorrhage
2) teratogenesis
167
-eprins
heparin
168
heparin side effect
- bleeding
- thrombocytopenia
- osteoporosis
- hyper sensitivity
169
-tran, -troban, -rudin
direct thrombin inhibitors
170
SE of direct thrombin inhibitors
- bleeding
-GI
171
xa in the middle and fonda
factor xa inhibitors
172
SE of xa inhibitors
- bleeding
- pain in limbs
- headache
- dizziness
- abdominal pain
173
Antithrombolitics classes of drugs
1) Cox inhibitor- Asprin
2) ADP/P2Y12 inhibitors (grels)
3) PDE (-mole)
4) glycoprotein 2A and B (abc mab and trofiban)
174
MOA of antithrombolitics
prevent platelet plug
175
SE of anti thrombolitics
- bleeding
- GI
- Tinnitus (asprin)
- thromboltic thrombocytopenic purpura (clopidgrel)
176
-place and -kinase
thrombolitics
177
SE of thrombolytics
- bleeding
- allergic reaction
- re-occusion
178
MOA of thrombolytics
activate plasminogen to plasmin
179
hemostatics
opposite MOA as throbolytics decrease conversion of plasminogen to keep clots (acids)
180
classes of drugs for hyperlipidema
1) statins
2) bile acide sequestrants
3) ezetimeibe
4) fibrates
5) omega 3 fatty acid
6) niacin
7) PCSK inhibitors
181
MOA of statins
inhibit production of cholesterol in the liver by inhibiting HMG-CoA
182
side effects of statins
- muscle pain and weakness
- fatigue
- rhadomyolysis (muscle breakdown leading to kidney damage)
183
cole and chole
bile acide sequestrants
184
MOA of bile acid sequestrants
decrease bile in small instestine thus increasing production of bile from cholesterol in the liver
185
SE of bile acid sequestrants
- constipation
- bloating
- indigestion
-nausea
186
MOA of ezetimibe
inhibit absorption if cholesterol in the small intestine
187
SE of ezetimibe
- dirrhea
- sinusitis
- fatigue
- joint pain
188
MOA of fenfibrate and gemfibozil
enhancing PPAR alpha receptors thus increasing LDL absorption in the liver
189
SE of fenfibrate and gemfibozil
- GI
- increase in liver enzymes
- gallstones
- myopathy
- increase creatine levels
- skin rashes
190
lovaza
omega 3 fatty acid
191
vascepa
omega 3 fatty acid
192
I E
omega 3 fatty acid
193
MOA of niacin
increase HDL and decrease VLDL
194
Evolocumab
PCSK9 inhibitor
195
alirocumab
PCSK9 inhibitor
196
MOA of PCSK9 inhibitor
removal of LDL from blood stream
197
SE of PCSK9 inhibitor
- nasopharyngitis
- injection site reaction
- flu symptoms
- back pain
198
Oral DM drugs
1) sulfonylureas
2) meglitinides
3) metformin
4) thiazolidediones
5) alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
6) DPP- 4 inhibitor
7) GLP 1 analogs
8) sodium glucose transporter inhibitor
199
(gl-ide)
sulfonylureas
200
MOA of sulfonylureas
block SURI increasing insulin release from the pancreas
201
SE of sulfonylureas
- hypoglycemia
- cholestatic jaudice
- wt gain
- fetal hypoglycemia
202
glinide
meglitinides
203
moa of meglitinides
stimulated short lived insulin release
204
SE of meglitinides
- hypoglycemia
- wt gain
205
MOA of metformin
decrease liver glucose production and increase liver sensitivity
206
SE of metformin
- wt loss
- decrease LDL increase HDL
- GI
-Lactic acid
207
glitazone
thiazolidediones
208
MOA of thiazolidediones
enhance glucose metabolism through PPAR Y opening GLUT 4
209
SE of thiazolidediones
- wt gain
- fuild retention/edema
- risk of fx
210
acarbose
alpha glucosidase inhibitor
211
miglitol
alpha glucosidase inhibitor
212
MOA of alpha glucosidase inhibitor
delays absorption of glucose from the small intestine
213
SE of alpha glucosidase inhibitor
- futulence
- diarrhea
- abdominal pain
214
gliptin
DPP 4 inhibitor
215
MOA of DPP 4 inhibitor
provent the breakdown of GLP1 thus increasing insulin secreation from the pancreas and decreasing glucose output from muscle, adipose and liver
216
SE of DPP 4 inhibitor
- nasopharyngitis (UR tract)
- headache
- pancreatitis
217
E, L, S -tide
GLP-1 analogs
218
MOA of GLP-1 analogs
increase glucose dependent insulin secretion and decrease glucose output
219
SE of GLP-1 analogs
- GI issues
- injection site reaction
- pancreatitis
220
gliflozin
Sodium-glucose transporter inhibitor (SGLT-2)
221
MOA of Sodium-glucose transporter inhibitor (SGLT-2)
decrease glucose reabsorption in kidney
222
SE of Sodium-glucose transporter inhibitor (SGLT-2)
- genital yeast infection
- UTI
- bone FX
- ketoacidosis
223
drugs for ashma
1) beta 2 agonists
2) anticholinergic (bromide bros)
3) steriods
4) theophylline
5) mast inhibitors
6) leukotrine medifiers
224
leukotrine receptor agonists
- lukast
225
5-lipozygenase inhibitor
(leu)
226
MOA of leukotrine modifiers
block leukotriene receptors or inhibit enzyme 5 lipozygenase thus decreasing inflammation
227
SABA
albuterol and levalbuterols
228
LABA
salmeterol and formoterol
229
MOA of mass cells
decrease inflammation
230
omalizumab
monoclonal antibody for ashma
231
classes of drugs for COPD
1) anticholinergic and beta agonists
2) steroids
3) phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
232
roflumilast
phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor
233
SE of roflumilast
- wt loss
- diarrhea
- nausea
- headache
- insomnia
234
Classes of drugs for PD
1) dopamine agonist
2) dopamine precursor
3) MAO inhibitors
4) COMT inhibitors
235
pramipexole
dopamine agonist D3
236
Ropinirole
dopamine agonist D2
237
rotigotone
dopamine agonist D2
238
SE of dopamine agonist
- sedation
- hallucinations
- nausea
- orthostatic hypo
- dyskinesias
239
MOA of carbidopa
block DDC in the GI
240
SE of sinement
- GI issues
- nausea
- anorexia
- hypotension
- psychotropic
- dyskinesias
241
MOA inhibitor for PD
-giline and safinamide
242
MOA of monoamine oxidase inhibitor (PD)
prevent dopamine breakdown in the brain
243
SE of monoamine oxidase inhibitor (PD)
- seratonin syndrome
- increases the effects of levodopa
244
-capone
COMT inhibitor
245
MOA of COMT inhibitor
inhibit catechol-o-methyl transferase in the periphery and the brain
246
SE of COMT inhibitor
- increase levodopa toxicity
- dyskinesias
- confusion
- acute liver failure
247
drugs for MS exasterbation
ACTH and steriords
248
injectable MS modifying disease progression drugs
internon beta 1a and 1b
glatiramer acetate
249
fingolimod
MS modifying disease progression drugs oral
250
diamethyl fumarate
MS modifying disease progression drugs oral
251
mitozantrone
MS modifying disease progression drugs infused
252
ocrelizumab
MS modifying disease progression drugs infused primary progressive
253
natalizumab
MS modifying disease progression drugs infused
254
common side effects of MS drugs
- muscle weakness
- fatigue
- dizziness
- heat sensitivity
- decline in cognitive function
- dizziness
255
MS fatigue
Amantadine and methylphenidate
256
MS spasticity
baclofen, dantrolene, tizanidine
257
MS bladder
oxybutynin and prazosin
258
MS sensory
gaba pentin and pregabalin
259
MS ambulation
dalfampride
260
MOA of dalfampride
k channel blocker
261
SE of dalf
UTI, back pain, and sesurzes
262
classes of drugs for sedative hypnotic and anti-anxiety
1) benzodiapine
2) non benzodiapines (Z, meletonin, orexin)
3) atypical anti anxiety
263
lam and pam
suffixes for benzodiapine
264
MOA of benzodiapine
enhance gaba a thus allowing more Cl- to enter the cell to hyperpilarize thus decreasing cell excitability
265
affects of benzodiapine
- decrease anxiety
- induce sleep
- anticonvulsant effect
- reduction of muscle tone and coordination
- effects on respiration
- CVS effects
266
SE of benzodiapine
- hangover
- motor impairment
- rebound insomnia
- confusion
- potentates CNS effect with ethanol
267
antidoate for benzodiapine
flumazenil
268
zol,zal, and Esz
Z drugs
269
MOA of Z drugs
bind to gaba in the brain
270
SE of Z drugs
- GI
- headache
- dizziness
271
-melteon
suffix for melatonin receptor agonist
272
SE of melatonin receptor agonist
headache, dizziness, nightmares, somnolence, hepatotoxicity (tasi)
273
-orexant
orexin receptor antagonists
274
MOA of orexin receptor antagonists
block orexin receptors 1 and 2
275
SE of orexin receptor antagonists
somnolence
276
atypical antianxiety drugs
- buspirone
- SSRI
- SNRI
- TCAs
277
MOA of buspirone
agonist for serotonin 5-HT1A receptors
278
drugs for mild to mod AD
Don, Riv and the Gals
279
MOA of don riv and the gals
increase ACH by blocking ecetylcholinesterase
280
drug for severe AD
mematine
281
MOA of mematine
NMDA receptor antagonist preventing Ca excitotoxicity
282
SE of mematine
- headache
- consipation
- dizziness
- confusion/hallucinations
283
aducanumab
amyloid beta directed antibody for AD
284
Anti depression drug classes
1) SSRI
2) SNRI
3) NDRI
4) TCA
5) Moa inhibitors
285
SSRI drugs
-lopram, fluoxetine, sertraline
286
MOA of SSRI drugs
inhibit 5-HT
287
SE of SSRI
sexual
somnolence
insomnia
headache
hyponatremia
288
SNRI drugs
-lafax and -oxetine
289
MOA of SNRI drugs
inhibit seretonin and NE transporters
290
SE of SNRI
- sexual
- somnolene
- insomnia
- headache
- hypoatremia
- increased HR
- dry mouth
291
Bupropion
NDRI
292
MOA of bupropion
inhibit the reuptake of NE and dopamine
293
SE of bupropion
- insomnia
- tremors
- seizures
- wt loss
294
Tricyclic antidepressent suffix
-triptyline
295
MOA of TCAs
inhibit NR and serotonin uptake
296
SE of TCA
- QT prolongation
- orthostatic hypo
- anticholinergic effect
- vivid dreams
- wt gain
297
moclobemide
MAO inhibitor for anti depression
298
phenelzine
MAO inhibitor for anti depression
299
MOA of MAO inhibitor for anti depression
inhibiton of MAO and RIMA
300
SE of MAO inhibitor for anti depression
- sedation
- orthostatic hypotension
- sexual
- hypertensive crisis
301
food to avoid with MAO inhibitor for anti depression
tyramine
302
braxanolone
drug for post partum depression
303
MOA of brazanolone
modulate GABA a receptors to increase 5HT and NE transmittion
304
SE of brazanolone
- headache
- somnolence
- dizziness
305
manic bipolar drugs
lithium and divalproex
306
Long term SE of manic bipolar drugs
- hypothyroidism
- cardiac effects
- wt gain
- leukocytosis
- dermatological effects
307
depressive bipolar drugs
lithium Aripipi, que ris (the) lam
308
Dronabinol
FDA approved cannabinoid to stimulate appetite and minigate N/V in aids and cancer pts
309
nabilon
FDA approved cannabinoid for N/V chemo specific
310
cannabidol
FDA approved cannabinoid for epilepsy
