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Pharmacology > Drugs for DM > Flashcards

Drugs for DM Flashcards

1
Q

what is the MOA of insulin

A

binds to insulin receptors on plasma membrane and activates tyrosine kinase which allows for glucose up take into the cells

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2
Q

what are the types of cells that insulin impacts

A

1) Muscle
2) liver
3) adipose tissue

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3
Q

how does insulin impact the liver

A

stimulates: it promotes storage of glucose as glycogen
inhibits: gluconeogenesis thus decreasing glucose output from the liver and decreasing protein catabolism

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4
Q

how does insulin impact the muscle

A

stimulates: glycogen synthesis using GLUT 4
inhibits: protein catabolism

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5
Q

how does insulin impact the adipose tissue

A

Stimulates: storage of triglyceride by activating the plasm lipoprotein liase and increasing the glucose uptake through GULT 4
inhibits: intracellular lipolysis

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6
Q

what are the common adverse effects of insulin

A
  • hypoglycemia
  • allergic reaction/injection
  • lipodystrophy
  • seizures and coma
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7
Q

what are fast acting insulin time line

A

3-5 hours

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8
Q

lispro

A

fast acting insulin

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9
Q

aspart

A

fast acting insulin

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10
Q

glulisine

A

fast acting insulin

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11
Q

what is the time line for short acting insulin

A

7-10 hrs

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12
Q

regular crystalline

A

short acting insulin

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13
Q

what is the timeline for intermediate acting insulin

A

16-20 hrs

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14
Q

NPH (isophane)

A

intermediate acting insulin

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15
Q

Lente (insulin zinc)

A

intermediate acting insulin

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16
Q

what is the time line for long acting insulin

A

over 20 hours

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17
Q

detemir

A

long acting insulin

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18
Q

glargine

A

long acting insulin

19
Q

what are the 8 types of oral anti-diabetic classes of drugs

A

1) Sulfonylureas
2) Meglitindes
3) Metform (biguanides)
4) Thiazolidediones
5) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor
6) DPP-4 inhibitor
7) GLP-1 analogs
8)Sodium-Glucose Transporter Inhibitors (SGLT-2)

20
Q

what is the suffix for generation 1 sulfonylureas

A

(-amide)

21
Q

what is the suffix for generation 2 and 2 sulfonylureas

A

(Gl-ide)

22
Q

what is the MOA of sulfonylureas

A

increases insulin secretion from pancreatic B cells by blocking SURI and K+ channels

23
Q

what are the side effects of sulfonylureas

A

1) hypoglycemia
2) cholestatic jaudice
3) wt gain
4) fetal hypoglycemia

24
Q

what is the suffix for meglitnides

A

(glinide)

25
Q

what is the MOA of meglitnides

A

stimulates rapid short lived insulin release

26
Q

what are the side effects with meglitnides

A
  • hypoglycemia
  • wt gain
  • must be taken with a meal
27
Q

what is the drug under the Biguanides class

A

metformin

28
Q

what is the MOA of Biguanides/Metformin

A

reduces liver glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity in the muscle

29
Q

what are the side effects of Biguanides/Metformin

A
  • wt loss
  • decrease LDL and increase HDL
  • GI side effects
  • lactic acidosis
30
Q

what are the drugs under the thiazolidediones

A

(-litazone)

31
Q

what is the MOA of thiazolidediones (TDZs)

A

increases insulin sensitivity in the peripheral tissues though enhancing glucose metabolism through action of PPAR 4 and increase in GLUT 4

32
Q

what are the side effects of thiazolidediones (TDZs)

A
  • wt gain
  • fluid retention
  • risk of fx
  • edema
33
Q

what are the drugs in the alpha glucosidase inhibitor class

A

acarbose and miglitol

34
Q

what is the MOA of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

delaying the absorption of glucose from the intestine

35
Q

what are the side effects of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A
  • flatulence
  • diarrhea
  • abdominal pain
36
Q

what is the suffix for the drugs in the DDP 4 inhibitor class

A

(-gliptin)

37
Q

what is the MOA for DDP 4 inhibitors

A

increases and prolongs the action of the incretin hormones, enhancing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon secretion

38
Q

what are the side effects of DDP 4 inhibitors

A
  • Nasopharyngitis (upper respiratory tract inflection)
  • Headache
  • Pancreatitis
39
Q

GLP-1 analogs drug suffix

A

(-tide)

40
Q

what is the MOA of GLP-1 analogs

A

increase glucose dependent insulin secretion and reduces glucose excretion

41
Q

what are the side effects for GLP-1 analogs

A
  • GI issues
  • injection site reactions
  • pancreatitis
42
Q

what is the suffix for sodium-glucose transporter inhibitor (SGLT-2)

A

-gliflozin

43
Q

what is the MOA of sodium-glucose transporter inhibitor

A

inhibit SGLT-2 in kidney which decreases glucose reabsorption leading to increase glucose excretion

44
Q

what are the side effect of sodium-glucose transporter inhibitor (SGLT-2)

A
  • genital yeast inflection
  • UTI
  • bone fx
  • ketoacidosis

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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