Hematology Lecture Flashcards
A life sustaining fluid which circulates through the heart and blood vessels
Blood
FORMED ELEMENTS
Includes erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and plasma
is the fluid that remains after coagulation has occurred and clot has formed
serum
is the liquid portion of unclotted blood
plasma
Mesoblastic Stage chief site
yolk sac
Mesoblastic Stage start day
19th day of Fetal Development after Fertilization
Mesoblastic stage Predominant cell
PRIMITIVE ERYTHROBLAST (PE)
will later differentiate into Adult Erythrocytes
NORMOBLASTIC CELL
Hemoglobin present in mesoblastic stage
Portland, Gower 1, Gower 11
a form of hemoglobin existing at low levels during embryonic and fetal life, composed of two zeta chains and two gamma chains. (2 zeta, 2 gamma)
portland
is a form of hemoglobin existing only during embryonic life, and is the primary embryonic hemoglobin. It is composed of two zeta chains and two epsilon chains, and is relatively unstable, breaking down easily. (2 zeta, 2 epsilon)
gower 1
is a form of hemoglobin existing at low levels during embryonic and fetal life. It is composed of two alpha chains and two epsilon chains, and is somewhat unstable, though not as much as hemoglobin Gower 1. (2 alpha, 2 epsilon)
gower 2
is a continuous, regulated process of blood cell production
hematopoiesis
Hepatic stage chief site
Liver
hepatic stage starts
5th to 7th gestational weeks
hepatic (Hematopoiesis during this phase occurs)
extravascularly
The major site of T cell production, kidney and Spleen which produces B cells.
thymus
The first fully developed organ in the fetus
thymus
medullary stage chief site
Bone marrow
start of medullary stage
4th and 5th month of fetal development
at the end of the 6th month _______ is the end of hematopoiesis
bone marrow
1st bone to demonstrate marrow hematopoietic activity
clavicle
hemoglobin A
2 alpha, 2 beta
hemoglobin B
2 alpha, 2 delta
In adults, hematopoietic tissue is located in the
Bone marrow
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Liver
Thymus
Thymus and is where T and B lymphocytes are derived
PRIMARY LYMPHOID TISSUE
Where Lymphoid Cells respond to foreign antigens, consists of the spleen, lymph nodes and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue.
SECONDARY LYMPHOID CELLS
Major function of BM is the
proliferation and production of blood cells
4 Main Functions of Red Bone Marrow
Production of blood cells
Destruction of erythrocytes
Iron storage (from Hb breakdown)
Central organ for B lymphocyte development
Function in phagocytosis and secretion of various cytokines that regulate hematopoiesis
macrophages
Secrete various steroids that influence erythropoiesis, maintain bone integrity and regulates the volume of marrow.
adipocytes
Regulate the flow of particles entering and leaving hematopoietic spaces
endothelial cells
Are bone-forming cells
osteoblasts
Bone resorbing cells or destroying cells
osteoclasts
Supports the vascular sinuses and developing hematopoietic cells
reticular cells (fibroblasts)
a basic screening test and one of
the most frequently ordered laboratory procedure.
CBC
Test that measures the number of WBC in your body
wbc count
important because RBCs contain Hgb which carries oxygen to your body tissue
RBC count
Measurement of the concentration of Hgb in the blood
HGB DETERMINATION
Can detect immature WBC and abnormalities, both of which are signs of potential issues.
differential count
Volume of packed RBC that occupies a given volume of whole blood.
hematocrit
Use to assess the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow
reticulocyte count
Rate at which red blood cells sediment in a period of one hour.
ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)
activities done in prior to the examination of the specimen or sample that is intended to establish system conducive to accuracy testing
preventive
activities done during testing to determine whether the test systems are performing correctly
assessment
done when error is detected to correct the system.
corrective
is the closeness to the estimated value to the true mean.
Accuracy
is the reproducibility of a result, whether accurate or inaccurate.
precision
GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF BLAST - Very dark blue and small in amount in comparison to the size of the nucleus. No granular is present
Cytoplasm
large in size as compared to the size of cytoplasm. Chromatin which is reddish purple and indicates predominance of DNA
nucleus
Is a process by which erythroid precursor cells differentiates to become mature.
ERYTHROPOIESIS
Erythrocytes
Shape:
protein:
lifespan:
color:
zone of pallor:
Anucleate, biconcave, discoid cells
Hemoglobin
120 days
salmon pink
1/3 of the center
Hemoglobin Derivatives
- Carboxyhemoglobin
- Methemoglobin
- Sulfhemoglobin
Tissue located within cavities of the
cortical bone
bone marrow
Secrete a semifluid extracellular matrix that serves to anchor developing hematopoietic cells in the bone cavity.
stromal cells
