histopath

Question 1

Preserve tissues permanently in as life-like a state as possible

Answer 1

Fixation

Question 2

five major groups of fixatives

Answer 2

Aldehydes
Mercurials
Alcohols
Oxidizing agent
Picrates

Question 3

Aldehydes include

Answer 3

Formaldehyde (formalin)
Glutaraldehyde

Question 4

Tissue is fixed by cross linkages formed in the proteins, particularly between Lysine residues

Answer 4

Aldehydes

Question 5

is good for immunohistochemical techniques

Answer 5

Formaldehyde

Question 6

The standard solution for aldehyde

Answer 6

10% neutral buffered formalin

Question 7

Causes deformation of alpha-helix structure in proteins so is not good for immunohistochemical staining

Answer 7

Glutaraldehyde

Question 8

is good for electron microscopy

Answer 8

Glutaraldehyde

Question 9

The standard solution for glutaraldehyde

Answer 9

2% buffered glutaraldehyde

Question 10

Fix tissue by an unknown mechanism

Answer 10

Mercurials

Question 11

for fixation of hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial tissues

Answer 11

Mercurials

Question 12

Mercurial contains

Answer 12

mercuric chloride
B-5
Zenker’s

Question 13

Alcohols contains

Answer 13

Methyl alcohol (methanol)
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)

Question 14

Protein denaturants and are not used routinely for tissues because they cause too much brittleness and hardness

Answer 14

Alcohols

Question 15

very good for cytologic smears because they act quickly and give good nuclear detail

Answer 15

Alcohol

Question 16

oxidizing agents

Answer 16

• permanganate fixatives (potassium permanganate)
• dichromate fixatives (potassium dichromate)
• osmium tetroxide

Question 17

They cross-link proteins, but cause extensive denaturation

Answer 17

oxidizing agents

Question 18

Used very infrequently

Answer 18

oxidizing agents

Question 19

Fixatives with picric acid

Answer 19

picrates

Question 20

Does almost as well as mercurials with nuclear detail but does not cause as much hardness

Answer 20

Picrates

Question 21

surgical pathology and autopsy

Answer 21

formalin

Question 22

surgical pathology and autopsy

Answer 22

formalin

Question 23

for reticuloendothelial tissues (lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

Answer 23

zenkers

Question 24

for testis, GI tract and endocrine tissue

Answer 24

bouins

Question 25

Melted paraffin wax is

Answer 25

hydrophobic

Question 26

popular clearing agent

Answer 26

xylene

Question 27

Paraffin wax is miscible with xylene as well as

Answer 27

ispropanol

Question 28

Most common paraffins have a melting point between ____ and the paraffin is typically kept at above melting point on the processor

Answer 28

55-58 C
2-4 C

Question 29

is the removal of excess paraffin wax that is sitting around the tissue, which exposes the tissue in order to be sectioned.

Answer 29

coarse trimming