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3rd year > CULTIVATION > Flashcards

CULTIVATION Flashcards

1
Q

PRINCIPLE OF CULTIVATION

A
  • To grow and isolate all bacteria present in a clinical specimen
  • To determine which of the bacteria that grow are most likely contaminants or colonizers.
  • To obtain sufficient growth of clinically relevant bacteria to allow identification and characterization
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2
Q

Process of growing microorganisms in culture by taking bacteria from the infection site

A

CULTIVATION

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3
Q

bacteria with relatively complex, and exceptional media components must be used.

A

Fastidious

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4
Q

made from seaweed

A

AGAR

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5
Q

made by acid or enzymatic hydrolysis of animal or vegetable protein, namely muscle, liver, blood, milk, casein. Lactalbumin, gelatin or soybean

A

PEPTONE

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6
Q

baker’s yeast

A

YEAST EXTRACT

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7
Q

contain soluble organic bases, protein degradation, products, vitamin and minerals

A

MEAT EXTRACT

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8
Q

agarose-containing medium

A

AGAR

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9
Q

petri dish containing the agar

A

AGAR PLATE

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10
Q

resulting bacterial population derived from single bacterial cell

A

COLONY

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11
Q

bacterial cultures derived from a single colony

A

PURE CULTURE

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12
Q

MEDIA CLASSIFICATION

A
  • Enrichment
  • Supportive
  • Selective
  • Differential
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13
Q

Contain specific nutrients required for the growth of bacterial pathogens

A

ENRICHED MEDIUM (ENRICHMENT)

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14
Q

Example of enriched media

A

Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar- Legionella pneumophilia

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15
Q

Contain nutrients that support the growth of most nonfastidious organisms without giving any particular organism a growth advantage.

A

SUPPORTIVE MEDIA

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16
Q

Contain one or more agents that are inhibitory to all organisms except those being sought.

A

SELECTIVE MEDIA

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17
Q

Example of inhibitory agents

A
  • Dyes
  • Bile salts
  • Alcohols
  • Acids
  • Antibiotics
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18
Q

Has added inhibitors that discourage the growth of certain organisms without inhibiting the growth of organism being sought.

A

SELECTIVE MEDIUM

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19
Q

inhibit Gram ( + ) bacteria

A

MacConkey agar

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20
Q

selective for Gram ( + ) bacteria

A

PEA and CAN

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21
Q

selective for Neisseria gonorrhea.

A

THAYER MARTIN MEDIUM, MARTIN LEWIS AGAR, NEW YORK CITY AGAR

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22
Q

salt tolerant haloduric bacteria ( S. aureus ).

A

MANNITOL SALT AGAR

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23
Q

Allows colonies of one bacterial species or type to exhibit certain metabolic or culture characteristics that can be used to distinguish them from other bacteria

A

DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA

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24
Q

Permits differentiation of organisms that grow on the medium.

A

DIFFERENTIAL MEDIUM

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25
Q

based on the organisms ability to grow in 40% bile and to hydrolyze esculin to produce esculitin

A

BILE ESCULIN AGAR

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26
Q

Esculin reacts with _____ to form a brown black precipitate.

A

FERRIC CITRATE

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27
Q

growth indicates tolerance to 40% bile(40% oxygall) blackening indicates hydrolysis of esculin

A

POSITIVE

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28
Q

lack of growth indicates inability to grow in 40% bile lack of color change indicates inability to hydrolyze esculin

A

NEGATIVE

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29
Q

Bile esculin agar

A. Positive -

A

Entercoccus faecalis

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30
Q

B. Negative -

A

Streptococcus viridans

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31
Q

Cultivation of non-fastidious organisms

A

BLOOD AGAR PLATE

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32
Q

Determination of hemolytic reaction

A

BLOOD AGAR PLATE

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33
Q

Enrichment for Legionella spp.

A

Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BYCE)

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34
Q

The medium consists of a base containing

A

protein source, soybean protein, digest (containing a slight amount of natural carbohydrate), sodium chloride, agar, and 5% sheep blood

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35
Q

Certain bacteria produce extracellular enzymes that lyse red blood cells in the agar

A

HEMOLYSIS

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36
Q

Complete clearing of the red blood cells around the bacterial colony

A

BETA HEMOLYSIS

37
Q

Only partial lysis of the cells to produce a greenish discoloration around the colony

A

ALPHA HEMOLYSIS

38
Q

Other bacteria have no effect on the red blood cells, and no halo is produced around the colony

A

GAMMA OR NON HEMOLYTIC

39
Q

Potato Glycerol Based Medium

A

BORDET GENGOU AGAR

40
Q

% defribrinated blood

A

15-20

41
Q

inhibitor of bordet gengou agar

A

Methicilin

42
Q

Isolation of Bordetella pertussis

A

Bordet Gengou Agar

43
Q

BYCE is supplemented with

A

polymixin B, and ansamycin

44
Q

Contains vancomycin, trimethoprim, polymixin, amphotericin B, and cephalothin

A

Campy blood agar

45
Q

Selective for Camphylobacter

A

Campy blood agar

46
Q

Selective medium for Camphylobacter spp.

A

Cefoperazone, Vacomycin, Amphotericin (CVA) medium

47
Q
  • Selective medium for Yersinia species
  • Useful for the isolation of Aeromonas
A

Cefsulodin-ingasan Novobiocin Agar

48
Q

is essentially the same as blood agar except that during preparation the red blood cells are lysed when added to molten agar base.

A

Chocolate agar

49
Q

(“X” factor)

A

hemoglobin, hemin

50
Q

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

A

(NAD or “V” factor)

51
Q

components of chocolate agar

A
  • Peptone base
  • solution of 2% hemoglobin or Isovitalex
52
Q

The most common bacterial pathogens that require this enriched medium for growth include

A

Neisseria gonorrheae, Haemophilus spp.

53
Q

Selective isolation of gram positive

A

Columbia Colistin –Nalidixic agar

54
Q

Infusion agar base with 5% sheep blood

A

Cystine Tellurite Blood agar

55
Q

Reduction of potassium tellurite by Corynebacterium diptheriae

A

Cystine Tellurite Blood agar

56
Q

Isolation of C. diptheriae

A

Cystine Tellurite Blood agar

57
Q

Peptone base with lactose and sucrose.

A

Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB)

58
Q

Isolation and differentiation of lactose fermenting (LF) and non- lactose fermenting (NLF) enteric bacilli

A

Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB)

59
Q

is used for the cultivation of gastro-intestinal pathogens (i.e.,Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp.) from stool specimens and rectal swabs.

A

Gram negative broth (GN)

60
Q

Gram negative broth also contains _______ as the primary carbon source.

A

mannitol

61
Q

contains bile salts and dyes (bromthymol blue and acid fuchsin) to selectively slow the growth of most nonpathogenic gram- negative bacilli found in the gastrointestinal tract and allow Salmonella spp. And Shigella spp. to grow.

A

Hektoen Enteric (HE)Agar

62
Q

The medium is also differential because many non-enteric pathogens that do grow will appear as

A

orange to salmon- colored colonies.

63
Q

This colony appearance results from the organism’s ability to ferment the lactose in the medium, resulting in the production of acid, which lowers the medium’s pH and causes a change in the pH indicator bromthymol blue

A

Hektoen Enteric (HE)Agar

64
Q

Peptone base with lactose.

A

MacConkey Agar

65
Q

Gram + inhibited by

A

crystal violet and bile salts

66
Q

Indicator of MacConkey agar

A

Neutral red

67
Q

Isolation and differentiation of LF from NLF

A

MacConkey Agar

68
Q

Modification of MacConkey agar in which lactose has been replaced with d-sorbitol as the primary carbohydrate source

A

MacConkey Sorbitol Agar

69
Q

For the selection and differentiation of E.coli 0157:H7 in stool specimens

A

MacConkey Sorbitol Agar

70
Q

Peptone base with mannitol

A

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)

71
Q

indicator or MSA

A

phenol red

72
Q

Selective for isolation of staphylococci

A

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)

73
Q

% NaCl (MSA)

A

7.5

74
Q

Peptone base with cornstarch, supplemented with yeast dialysate, 3% hemoglobin, and horse plasma

A

New York City (NYC) Agar

75
Q

Selective for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

New York City (NYC) Agar

76
Q

is essentially sheep blood agar that is suplemented with phenylethyl alcohol to inhibit the growth of gram negative bacteria

A

Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA)

77
Q

Charcoal agar supplemented with horse blood, cephalexin, and amphotericin B

A

Regan Lowe

78
Q

Enrichment and Selective for medium for the isolation of Bordetella pertussis

A

Regan Lowe

79
Q

Peptone base with lactose, ferric citrate, and sodium citrate

A

Salmonella-Shigella Agar

80
Q

indicator of Salmonella-Shigella Agar

A

neutral red

81
Q

Peptone and soy protein base with yeast extract, dextrose and buffer

A

Schaedler Agar

82
Q

Nonselective medium for the recovery of anaerobes and aerobes

A

Schaedler Agar

83
Q

Peptone base broth

A

Selenite broth

84
Q

Enrichment for isolation of Salmonella

A

Selenite broth

85
Q

Peptone and soy protein base with lysed horse blood

A

Skirrow agar

86
Q

Selective for Campylobacter spp.

A

Skirrow agar

87
Q

Contains crystal violet, colistin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazolee in 5% sheep blood

A

Streptococcal Selective Agar

88
Q

Selective for Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Streptococcal Selective Agar

3rd year (20 decks)

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