Git 1 Flashcards
GI system structures ( 2 major components
Alimentary canal
Accessory organs of digestion
Alimentary canal
Mouth oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus
Accessory organs
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Other organs
All organs covered by peritoneum （2 layers) Parietal Visceral Nerve supply Blood supply
Parietal
Lines of abdomen
Visceral
Covers abdominal
Overall function of the gi tract
Provide cells with nutrients
Major function of the git
Ingestion and propulsion of food
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
Digestion
Digestion is the physical and chemical breakdown into absorbable substances
Passed into tge digestive tract
Digestive enzymes and secretion
Patient subjective data
Complications/ symptoms Past health history( prevrious gi illness other illness) Current complaint Lifestyle Surgery Medications Bowel characteristics
Objective data
Physical assessment of the git
Body mass index
Abdominal assessment
Routine assessment fir each quadrant of the abdomen
Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
Quadrants of the abdominal assessment
Right upper
Left upper
Right lower
Left lower
Right upper
Liver, gallbladder, head of the pancreas, duodenum, part of ascending and descending colon
Left upper
Stomach Body of pancreas Left liver lobe Spleen Part of transverse and descending colon
Right lower
Appendix
Part of ascending colon
Part of right kidney
Left lower
Sigmoid colon
Portion of left kidney
Part of descending colon
Inspection
Color Contour Swelling Symmetry distension
Auscultation
Listen of sound gurgling or bubbling
Use of a stethoscope Normal (1 in 5-20 secs) Hyperactive (5-6 in less than 30 secs Hypoactive( 1-2 in 1-2 min) Absent ( no sound at all)
Percusion
Listen ofr tympany( the air filled kver abdomenaur in stomach and intestine)
Dullness（ lliver spleen fullbladder colon)
Palpation
Deep and light
Painful area last
Light palpation to assess tenderness and swelling
Deepcto assess masses
Should be no tenderness /nodules
Abnormal assessment
Masses Nodule Abnormal bowel sound Enlarged spleen Nodular liver/large lvwr
Clinical alerts
Absence of bowel sounds Palpable masses Dyspesia Dysphagia Blood in stool Changes in bowel habits
Diagnostic studies in the gi traxt
Blood test Stool culture Liver biopsy Imaging test( st scan) Faecal analysis Gatric anaylis Endoscopic process
Nursing implications
Providing info about test
Anxiety
Assess hydration
Discomfort
Abnormalities of the GItract
Motility problems Bleeding Perforation Obstruction Inflammation Carcinoma
Gi system related diagnosis
Constipation Diarrhoea Fluid volume deficit Nutrition Acute pain
GIt common pharmacological agents
Affext mouth Neutralise gastric secretion (Antacid, h-2 receptor antagonists) N&V (antiemetic) Use of inflammatory bowel disease Affected biliary system
