Eye 1 Flashcards
Structure of the eye
External structure
Internal structure
Refractive media
External structure
Eyebrow eyelid eyelashes sclera cornea
Lacrimal apparatuses
Extraocular muscle
Internal structure
Iris Lens Ciliary body Choroid Retina
Refractive media
Cornea
Acqueous humour
Vitreous humour
Lens
Assess ment and evaluation of vision
Ocular history
Visual acuity
Finger count or hand motion
Visual acuity
Snellen chart
Recorded for each eye
6/6 means the patient can read thr 6 line at the distance of 6 meters
Examination of the eye
External structure
Diagnostic evaluation
External structure
Assess structure
Pupillary response
Gaze and position of eyes
Eyelids
Diagnostic evaluation
Oprhthamoscopy Slit-lamp examination Colour vision examination Ultrasonography Tonometry Amsler-grid
Slitlamp
Used to view the interior of the eye
Eye disorder
Extra ocular
Intraocular
Extraocular
Inflammation and infection
Dry eye
Strabismus
Corneal disorder
Intraocular disorder
Glaucoma Cataract Retinopathy Retinal detachment Age-related macular degeneration
Impaired vision
Refractive errors
Low vision & blindness
Refractive errors
Can be corrected by lenses which focus light rays in the retina
Types of refractive errors
Emmetropia
Myopia
Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Emmetropia
Normal vision
Myopia
Near-sightedness
Hyperopia
Farsighted
Astigmatism
Distortion due to irregularity of the cornea
Non-surgical correction
Corrective glasses
Contact lenses
Low m vision and blindness
The patients visual impairment may be profound or moderate
Yes
Levels of low vision and blindness
Low vision
Legally blind
Total blindness
Partially sighted
Glaucoma group of ocular disorders characterised by
Optic nerve damage
Visual field disturbance
Raised intraocular pressure
Glaucoma meaning
Leading cause of blindness
Normally the rate of aqueous production (inflow) and the rate if aqueous reabsorption (outflow) is balance
Outflow occurs at the angle - the place where the iris meets the cornea
If inflow is greater iop rises( intraocular pressure)
Types of glaucoma
Open-angle glaucoma
Angle-closure glaucoma
Open-angle glaucoma
Characteristics
Most common type of glaucoma
Outflow of acqueous humor is decreased in trabecular meshwork
Rise of iop
Bilateral
Open-angle glaucoma
Characteristics
No initial manifestations
Halos around the light
Impaired dark adaptation
Gradual reduction in visual firlds with preserved central vision
Angle -close sure glaucoma
Characteristics
Already narrowed angle closes, blocking aqueous flow
Angle closure decreases the floe of aqueous humpr
Rapid rise iop
Caused by age , pupil dilation
Angle -close sure glaucoma
Manifestation
Abrupt onset eye pain or headache Excruciating pain in or around eyes Nausea and vomiting seeing colored halos Blurred vision Ocular redness cloudy cornea Fixed pupil
