Endocrine 4 Adrenal Gland Flashcards
Addison’s disease and cause
Adrenocortical insufficiency Acth hyposecretion Cause autoimmune Tuberculosis Low acth Histoplasmosis
Addisons disease signs
Muscle weakness Anorexia Fatigue Dark pigmentation of skin Low bgl High serum potassium Hypotension Mental changes
Addisons disease medical management
Use if corticosteroids
Additional intake of glucocorticoids medications during illness
Adddison nursing management
Risk of fluid deficit
Activity tolerance
Knowledge deficit
Risk of fluid deficit
Monitor for signs and symptoms of fluid deficit, encourage fluids and food
Activity tolerance
Avoid stress and activity until stable perform all activities for patients when in crisis , maintain a quiet non-stressful environment
Knowledge deficit
Patient and carer teaching about present and potential effects of adrenal sufficiency
Factors of complications of addisonian crisis
Stress of surgery Dehydration Exposure to cold Acute infection Slight overexertion
Addison crisis experience
Nausea headache
Abdo pain
Diarrhoea
Addison crisi characterised by
Cyanosis Circulatory shock( pallor, rapid weak, pulse, respiration)
Addisons crisis treatment
Shock management
high -dose hydrocortisone replacement
Iv fluid, glucose, electrolytes
Cushings syndrome
Excessive adrenocortical activity
Cushing syndrome causes
Excessive administration of corticosteroids acth, tumour of anterior pituitary gland
Adrenal hyperplasia
Cushing signs
Central obesity Bufallo hump Moon face Think skin Osteoporosis Hypertension Pancreatitis Cataract
Cushing syndrome nursing interventions
Decrease risk of injury Decrease risk of infection Preparing patient for surgery Plan and space rest and activity Promote skin integrity Improve body image Imprive thought process Patient teaching - self care
Cushing syndrome managing potential complications
Addisonian crisis - treatment for shock
Adverse effect of adrenocortical activity - monitor fluid and electrolyte status, daily weights , bgl monitor
Corticosteroids types
Adrenal contrex produces various hormones
Mineralocorticosteriods
Glucocorticoids
Adrenogens
Mineralocorticosteriods
Aldosterone
Have fluid and electrolyte effects
Glucocorticoids
Cortisol
Have an effect on metabolism, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory
Adrenogens
Percursors kf sex hormons
Use of corticosteroids
Treat adrenal insufficiency suppress inflammation and autoimmune response, control allergic reactions and reduce transplant rejection
Endocrine diseases treated by corticosteroids
Hypercalcaemia
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Thyrotoxicosis
Corticosteroids patienct teaching
Timing of doses Potential side effects Diet high in protein calcium potassium Osteoporosis prevention Monitor for hyperglycaemia
