Diabetes 4 Flashcards
Prevention and management of macro vascular complications
Prevention Control bgl Diet and exercise Antihypertensive, antihyperlipidaemic medication Quit smoking
Management if macro vascular
Optimal bp control 130/80
Low far diet
Microvascular complication
Diabetic retinopathy
Most common cause of diabetes is blindness
Small changes in small blood vessels in retina
Can develo into detached retina
Regular examination
Laser treatment
Diabetic neuropathy
Renal disease
Damage to small blood vessels that supply the glomeruli incrhe kidney
Kidneys filtration mechanism is stressed by elevated blood glucose levels
Peripheral neuropathy
Clinical manifestation include
Burning sensation
Numbness in feet
Decreased sensation to touch pain wnd temperature
Autonomic neuropathy
Cardiac
GI
Renal system
Sexual function
Diabetic foot care
Educate the patient Properly bathe and dry taking care to det between toes Check feet daily Regular visit to podiatrist Maintain bgl Wear good firting , closed toe shoes
Nursing the diabetic patient
Perioperative management
( anaesthiest)
Diet alterations while hospitalized
Hygiene care
Self care
Diabetic patient going to surgery
Control BGL to prevent hyper and hypo
Type 1 risk dka
Type 2 hhs
When fasting monitor bgl
Insulin or oral hypoglycaemic may be reduced or withheld
Other considerations of diabetic patient
Changes in diet Nil by mouth Clear liquid diet Tube feeding Hygiene care
Self care by diabetic patient
Difficulties in reliquishing self- management
Rolde of rn to acknowledge concerns and involve patient asap in care
Educate slef care knowledge
Teaching patients self care
Assess knowledge and adherence to plan care
Prvodie basic information about diabetes
Include family
Teach selfcare activities
Recommend health screening
Nursing process
Assess presenting problem and current health status Bgl Medications Mental health Lifestyle Laboratory exams Exercise Mental health Laboratory exams
Macro vascular complications
Atherosclerosis
1 coronary artery disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Microvascular
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic nephropathy
