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applied nursing > Diabetes 2 > Flashcards

Diabetes 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Diabetes nutritional therapy

A

Balanced energy intake
Provide optimal nutrition
Maintain reasonable weight
Preveent wide fluctuations in glucose

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2
Q

For patients on insulin

A

Regular meal
Maintain consistent carbo
Easy snakes
Rapid acting insulin dosage adjustment before meal

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3
Q

For patients with type 2 diabetes nutritional management

A

Regular healthy meals
For ovese- weight-loss
Achieve glucose and bp goals

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4
Q

Glycaemic index (GI) of food

A

Rise of glucose level after carbohydrate-containing food is consumed
Ranks carbohydrates 0-100

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5
Q

Glycaemic index

A 
High gi (70 and above)
Medium gi( 56-69)
Low gi (55 and under)
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6
Q

Benefits of exercise therapy

A

Lower bgbl by
-increasing uptake of glucose - - - improve use of insulin
Improve circulation and musclie tone
Aids losing weight

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7
Q

Exercise recommendations

A 
Type
-30 mins everyday
Start slow gradual goals after medical clearance
Monitor bg
After 1 hour of the meal
Snack to prevent hypoglycaemia 
Appropriate footwear 
Dont exercise if bg is >=13.5 or ketones present in urine
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8
Q

Patient education

A

Pathophysiology
Treatment modalities
Recognising complications
Other information

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9
Q

Pathophysiology patient edit

A

Definition of dm
Normal bgl range
Effect of insulin and exercise
Effect of food and stress

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10
Q

Treatment modalities patient education

A

Info on relevant medication
Diet and exercise
Monitor bgl and ketones and interpreting results

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11
Q

Recognising complication

A

Recognition normal and abnormal body que

Understanding hypocand hyper

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12
Q

Other complications

A

Explanation of diagnotic test
Storing of insulin
Management of sharps
How to contact dr

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13
Q

Pharmacological therapy

Glucose lowering agents

A

Insulin

Oral hypoglycaemic

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14
Q

Insulin

A

Injection delivery
Subcut, insulin pen,insulin pump, jet injectors

Can be through iv

Differ fromceaxh orher
Clear or cloudy

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15
Q

Oral hypoglycaemics

A

Work to improve mechanism by which the body produces and insulin and glucose

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16
Q

Use of insulin

A

Type 1 - insulin theray for life
2 - insulin if oral hypoglycaemic and lifestyle is not enough
- illness, injury, stress, pregnancy

17
Q

Types of insulin

A 
Rapid acting insulin
Short- acting : regular insulin 
Intermediate-acting insulin
Long-acting insulin
Combination therapy
18
Q

Rapid-acting insulin

A

15 mins onset
Peak 60-90 mins
Duratiin 3-4 hours
Ex: novorapid, humalog

19
Q

Shirt acting : regular insulin

A

30 mins on set
2-3 hr peak
4-6 hrs duration
Actrapid trade name

20
Q

Intermediate acting insulin

A

3-4 hrs onset
4-12 hrs peak
16-20 hrs duration
Prataphane trade name

21
Q

Long acting insulin

A

6-8 hours
12-16 hrs peak
20-30 hours duration
Lantus levemir

22
Q

Combination therapy

A

Varies

23
Q

Insulin delivery

A

Syringe
Pump
Pen
Iv infusion

24
Q

Insulin administration- nursing considerations

A 
Usage of insulin syringe
Pharmacological action of insulin
Mising cloudy and clear insulin 
Injection sites
Scale chart
Iv therapy
Bgl monitoring patient self administration and management
25
Q

Oral hypoglycaemic agents

And nursing interventions

A

Oral medication that lower blood glucose
For tyoe 2 diabetes
Combination of oral drugs is fine

Nursing interventions
Understand action of medication
Monitor bgl and hypoglycaemia
Patient teaching

26
Q

Oral hypoglycaemic agents

A 
Biguanides
Sulfonylureas
Meglinides
A-glucosides inhibitors 
Thiazolidinediones
Dipeptidyl peptidase -4 (ddp-4) inhibitor 
Dopamine receptor antagonist
27
Q

Biguanides
Side effects
Action
Contraindications

A

Reduces glucose production by liver
Wnhances insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissue
Improve glucose transport

Metformin

Side effects
Diarrhoea
Lactic acidosis
With old 1-2 days before IV contrast

Contraindications
Excessive alcohol intake, liver , cardiac disease

28
Q

Sulfonylureas
Effects
Action

A

Increase insulin production from pancreas- stimulate beta cells of pancreas to secrete more insulin
Enhance cellular sensitivity to insulin

Side effects
Weight gain
Hypoglycaemia

Glipizide
Glyburide
Glimepiride

29
Q

Meglitinides
Effect
Action

A

Up insulin production from pancreas- stimulate beta cells from pancreas to secrete more insulin
Hypoglycaemia

Taken 30 mins before meal
Should not be taken if meal is skipped

Repaglinide
Nateglinide

30
Q

a-glucosidase inhibitors

A

Acarbose
Miglitol

“Starch blockers”
Slows down or delay absorption of glucose in small intestine

Take with first bite with each meal

Gas, abdominal pain, diarrhoea

31
Q

Thiazolidinediones

A

Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone

Most effective in those with insulin resistance
Increases glucose uptake in muscle
Improves insulin sensitivity, transport and utilisation at target sites

Bladder cancer heart failure stroke

32
Q

Dipeptidyl peptidase -4 (ddp-4) inhibitor

A

Gliptin
Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
Linagliptin

Blocks inactivation of incretin hormones
Increase insulin intake
Decrease glucagon secretion
Decrease hepatic glucose production

Side effects
Pancreatitis allergic reaction

33
Q

Dopamine receptor antagonists

A

Bromocriptine
Though that patients eith type 2 diabetes nhave low levels of dopamine
Increases dopamine receptor activity
Hypotension

34
Q

Nursing process

A 
Assessment 
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
35
Q

Subjective data of a diabetic person

A

Past health history

Medications

36
Q

Objective data of a diabetic person

A 
Bp resp pulse
Bmi
Foot and skin examination 
Oral exam
Visual exam
Bgl
Neurologic
Serum electrolyte levels
37
Q

Health promotion

A

Identify monitor abd teach patient
Obesity prime factors
Diabetes risk test
Routine screening for all obeses and older 55

applied nursing (33 decks)

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