Cancer 2 Flashcards
Treatment options
Surgery Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Hormonal replacement therapy Targeted therapy Immunotherapy Stem transplant
Factors affecting treatment decision and response
Tumour type Pre-treatment co morbodities Tumour burden Rate of tumour growth Drug resistance Hormone receptor status
Surgery
And disadvantages
Surgical removal of the localised tumour
All or some tumour removed
Can be extensive and invasive that surrounding tissue dan be damaged
Radiotherapy
High dose x ray beam
15 min dialy appointment for 1 day to 5 weeks
Can be used concurrently with ct as a radiosensitiser or to control pain in palliative care
Radiotherapy disadvantages
Transport issues
Side effects
Nurse role radiotherapy
Education management of side effects
Pace maker monitoring
Handover admission to ward
Wound dressings
Tpye of radiotherapy
Internal
External
Internal
Brachytherapy Implantation of radioactive materials into or close to the tumour Reduces expose to healthy tissue Patrint is radioactive Limit the amount of time near patient
External and superficial
Most common
Ionizing radiation beam from a megavolt machine causes damage to cancer cells
Nusing implication
Education
What to expect
Intervention for side effects
Anaemia nausea and vomiting loss of appetite
Supportive care
Analgesics skin care mouth care
Common side effects
Bone marrow suppression Cardiovascular effects Gastrointestinal effect Fatigue Pulmonary effect Reproductive effect
Bone marrow suppression
common side of therapy of chemo
Treatment induced reduction in RBC and WBC can result inc
Infection
Haemmorrhange
Fatigue
Cardiovascular effect
Pre existing condition
Some ctx cause cardio toxicity
Gastrointestinal effect
Antiemetic
Antidiarrhoeals
Referral to dietician
Soft toothbrush
Fatigue
Encourage conversation strategies
Rest before activity
Get assistance
Maintain nutritional and hydration results
Assess for reversible causes if fatigue
Pulmonary effect
Bronchodilator
Cough suppressant
Oxygen
Reproductive effect
Inform patient of expected sexual side effects
Encourage discussion of issues
Refer to counseling
Sperm banking
Chemotherapy
Systematic sustemcthat may be used as single agent of combination
Inhibit cell proliferation via direct or indirect effect of DNA resulting in cell death
Dose of limiting toxicities
Preparation for stem cell transplant
The cell cycle
All cell normal and neoplastic must go through cell division
Toxic to all dividing cells
Cell cycle-specific drug exert action during certain phases if cell division
Cell cycle nonspecific drug act on tumour cells in both resting and dividing phases
Types of chemotherapy
AntiTumour antibiotics
Anti metabolitic
Alkylating agents
Plant alkaloids
Anti tumour antibiotics
Cycle non specific. Interferes woth RN and DNA replication
Epirubicin
Antimetabolites
Greatest s phase of the cell division. Inhibits protein synthesis
Methotrexate
Gemcitabine
Alkylating agent
Cycle non-specific
Impairs rna and dna
Cyclophosphamide
Plant alkaloids
Inhibit m-phase of the cell cycle
Paclitaxel
